1. PHALACROCORAX. 331 



Typo. 



Halieus, Illiger, Frodronius, p. 279 (1811) P. carbo. 



Gulosus, Montagu, Suppl. Orn. Diet. p. 5 of Cata- 

 logue at end of vol. (1813) P. graculus. 



Carbonai'ius, Rafinesque, Analyse, p. 72 (1815) . . P. carbo. 

 Hydi'ocorax, Vieillot {nee Bruson, 1760), Analyse, 



p. 03 (1810) ; id. Nouv. Diet. (mist. Nat. viii. 



p. 82 (1817) P. carbo. 



Graucalus, G. R. Gray {nee Cuvier, 1817), List 



Gen. B. ed. 2, p. 101 (1841) ; id. in Diefenb. 



Trav. N. Zeal. ii. App. p. 201 (1843) P. carbo. 



Gracalus, G. R. Gray, Voy. Erebus S)~ Terror, Birds, 



p. 19 (184-5) P. albiveuter. 



Graculus, Reichenb. Nov. Synop. Av. pi. cclxxviii. 



no. 2304 (1850) P. javanicus. 



Hypoleucus, Reichenb. Nat. Syst. Vog. p. vii (1852) P. nypoleucus, 



Stictocarbo, Bonap. C. R. xli. p. 1115 (1855) .... P. punctatus. 



Sticticarbo, Bonap Consp. Av. ii. p. 174 (1855) . . P. gaimardi. 



Urile, Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 175 (1855) P. bicristatus. 



Leucocarbo, Bonap. Consp. At: ii. p. 176 (1855). . P. bougainvillii. 



Microcarbo, Boiiap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 177 (1855) . . P. mulauoleucus. 



Halietor, Heine, J. f. O. 1800, p. 202 P. pygmoeus. 



Melanocarbo, Bernst. Dagboek, p. 119 (1883) .... P. melanoleucus. 



P. carbo] ; Gulliver, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 488 [red blood-corpuscles in P. carbo'\ ; 

 Garrod, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 343 [plantar tendons, P. carbo] ; 1876, pp. 335, 337, 

 339, 340, 345 [notes on anatomy] ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 307 [Bursa Fabricii 

 in P. carbo and P. vigtui] ; Mivart, Tr. Z. S. x. pt. vii. pp. 315-378, pis. Ivii., Ix. 

 fig. 6, Ixi. figs. 1-5 (1878) [axial skeleton]; Ewart, J. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 455 (1881) 

 [shape of nostril in P. carbo] ; Shufeldt, Science, ii. pp. 640-642, 822, figs. 1-3 

 (1883), iii. p. 143(1884) [osteology of P. bicristatus] ; Jeffries, Science, ii. p. 739 

 (1883) [corrections], iii. p. 5U (1884) ; id. Auk, i. p. 196 (1884) [occipital stvle] ; 

 Gill, Science, iii. p. 404 aSS4); Coues, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. pp. 723^725, 

 figs. 502, 504, 505 (1884)'[osteology of P. bicristatri^] ■ Olphe-Gall. Ibis, 1885, 

 p. 234 [nostrils not connected with pharynx] ; Beddard, P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 843 

 [visceral anatomy of P. carbo] ; id., P. Z. S. 1892, p. 295 [csteology of P. graculus] ; 

 Shufeldt, Ibis, 1894, p. 305 [leg-bone, P. bicristatus] ; Lucas, Auk, xiii. p. 172 

 (1896) ; xiv. p. 87 (1897) [skull of young in Phalaarocorax] ; Anthony, Auk, xiv. 

 p. 205 (1897) [nostril in young oi Phalacrocora.v]. 



Bouhtfal Species. 



1. Phalacrocoeax albidus, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-As. ii. p. 305 (1811). 

 " Whitish grey, with a yellowish belly." 



Very common round Bering Island. 



2. PnALACROcoRAx LEUcuRus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. p. 336 (1839). 



Based on specimens seen by Townsend at Cape Disappointment. Possibly 

 P, pclagicus in very worn plumage, with the tail-feathers brownish white. 



3. PiiALACEOCORAx iiuTTONi, Buller, B. N. Zeal. 2nd ed. ii. p. 174 (1888). 

 Like P. I'arius, but a little larger ; above brownish, with the tips and margins 



of the wing-coverts paler brown ; orange spot in front of the eye absent ; feet 

 dirty yellow. Total length 36 inches ; wing from flexure 12-5 ; tail 6-0 ; bill 

 along ridge 2'75, along the edge of lower mandible 3'75 ; tarsus 225 ; longest 

 toe and claw 45. {Buller.) 



The type, which was obtained near Dunedin in January 1876, and is pre- 

 served in tlie Otago Museum, a]ipears from the description to be an immature 

 specimen of P. varius. 



