1. PHALACROCORAX. 353 



Bonap. Consp. A v. p. 170 (]85o) ; Sc/tl. Mus. Pays-Bas, vi. Pelec. 

 p. 19 (18ti:3) ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 380 (186:f) ; G. R. Gray, 

 Hnnd-l. B. iii. p. 1:27 (1871); Gurm'ij, ed. Anderss. B. Dmnaral. 

 p. 368 (1872) ; Koluh v. Pdz. Beitr.' Orn. S. Afr. p. 342 (1882) ; 

 Sharpens ed. Lai/nrd, B. 'S. Afr. p. 780 (188-4); Kmchel, J.f O. 

 1895, p. 83 [e?gs] ; TF. L. Sdater, IbU, 1896, pp. 521 , 522 [Dassen I.]. 

 Graculus tenuirostris, Temm. i^- Schl. ; Beichenb. Natatores, pi. cxi. 

 fig. 1078 (1850). 



Adult in hreeding-pliimarie. Head, neck, lower back, rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, and entire underparts black, glossed with dull purplish 

 blue ; wing-coverts, upper back, and scapulars dark bronze-green, 

 each feather margined with deep steel-blue ; head and neck with 

 scattered white plumules ; quills and tail-feathers black, with some 

 greenish gloss. Tail composed of 14 feathers. " Iris bluish white ; 

 bill pale, dusky on the ridge ; naked gular skin yellow ; tarsi and 

 feet black." Total length about 24 inches, culmen 2-2, wing 9-9- 

 10-2, tail 4-4-2, tarsus 2-1. 



Adult in non-hreeding plumage. Appears to differ only in lacking 

 the white plumules of the head and neck. 



Young in first autumn plumage. Is much like the young of 

 P. gracidiuf at a similar stage, but the underparts are brown. 



Young in second autumn, plumage. Is much like the adult, but the 

 head, neck, and chest are brownish, more or less glossed with oil- 

 green. Iris blue; beak and feet black. 



Hah. South Africa, extending northwards on the South-east to 

 I^atal, and on the South-west as far north as Landana. 



a. Ad. sk. [Africa.] 



b. Vix ad. sk. Mayumba River, Landana, Dr. Tt. Bowdler Sharpe 



Aug. (L. Petit). [P.]. 



c-e. Ad. et imm. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.], 



sk. 

 /. 2 imm- sk. Simons Bay, Oct. 2. Earl of Crawford [P.]. 



ff. Vix ad. sk. [Japan ! !] Leiden Museum [P.]. 



[A tvpical specimen of P. tenuirostris, Temm. & Schl. 

 See MS. note by G. R. Gray in Gray, List of Birds, p. 184 (1844).] 



5. Phalacrocorax gaimardi. 



Pelecanus gaimardi, Ga)~not, Toy. CoquiUe, p. 601, pi. 48 (1826). 

 Phalacrocorax cirriger, Kin(j,Zool. Journ. iv. p. 103 (1828) [Straits 

 >f Magellan]. 



Phalacrocorax gaimardi, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 119 [Valparaiso]; 

 G. R. Gray, List of B. pt. iii. p. 186 (1844) ; Sahin, P. Z. S. 1883, 

 p. 427 [Peru] ; Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 431 (1886) ; Oustal. Miss. 

 Cap Horn, vi. Zool. p. B 156 (1891) ; James, N. List Chil. B. p. 8 

 (l.><92) ; Berlep-^ch Sf Stokm. P. Z. S. 1892, p. 399 [Peru] ; Lane. 

 I/>ix, 1897, p. 187, fig. [Corral, Chili]. 



Halitpus iraimardii. Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Oi-n. p. 313 (184-5) ; id. 

 J.f. 0.'l85(;, p. 190. 



Graculus gaimardi, Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. i. p. 489 (1847) ; Reichenb. 



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