1. PHALACEOCORAX. 355 



(1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 889 (1790) ; Bonnat. Tabl. Encycl. 



Mith. i. p. 50 (1790) ; Forst. Icon. ined. pi. 103 ; id. Descr. Anivi, 



p. 104 (1844). 

 Pelecanus nrevius, Gmfl. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 575 (1788) ; Bontmt. Tabl, 



Encycl. MHh. i. p. 50, pi. xiv. ti^-. 1 (1790) ; Dumont, in Levrault's 



Diet. Sci. Nat. x. p. 45:5 (1818). 

 Hydrocorax dilophus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. p. 85 (1817) ; 



id. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 189 (1825) [descr. ouly]. 

 Phalacrocorax punctatus, Stejih. in Shaio's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 88 



(1826) ; G. R. Gray, List of B. pt. iii. p. 186 (1844); Buller, B. 



N. Zeal. p. 335, pi. [ad. et imm.] (1873); Button, Ibis, 1874, 



p. 42 ; Buller, Ibis, 1874, p. 121 ; id. Man. B. N. Zeal. p. 95, 



pi. XXXV. (18si2) ; id. B. N. Zeal. 2nd ed. ii. p. 164, p!. xxxix. 



fij?. 1 (1888) ; Kirk, Tr. N. Z. Inst. xx. p. 30 (1888) ; id. Ibis, 



1888, p. 43 [North I., N. Zealand] ; AIcLean, Ibis, 1889, pp. 299- 



302 [breeding- habits at Cape Kidnapper.^, N. Zealand]. 

 Graculus punctatus, G. It. Gray, Voy. Erebus ^~ Terror, Birds, p. 20 



(1845) ; Beiehenb. Natatores, pi. xxxv. fig. 871 (1850) ; G. Ii. Gray, 



Ibis, 1862, p. 252 ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, vi. Pelec. p. 21 (1863) ; 



Finsch, J. f. 0. 1870, p. 376 [Banks Peninsula] ; G. Ii. Gray, Hand-l. 



B. iii. p."l29(1871); v. Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 53 ; Finsch, J. f. O. 



1874, pp. 174, 215; id. Ibis, 1882, p. 402 [N. Zealand]. 

 Graculus nsevius, Reichenh. Natatores, jA. xxxiii. fig. 309 (bad) (1850). 

 Sticticarbo punctatus, Bonap. Consp. Av. p. 174 (1855). 

 Pelecanus cirrhatus, Ellnum, Zool. 1861, p. 7472. 



Adult in hreeding-plumage. Crown of the head and long semi- 

 erect crests on the forehead and occiput greyish black, with some 

 steel-blue gloss ; back of the neck black glossed with greenish blue ; 

 sides of the head, chin, throat, and fore part of the neck sooty- 

 black, with a slight gloss shading into pale grey on the base of the 

 neck and rest of underparts ; two white stripes commence at the 

 base of the bill, and passing above the eye are continued down 

 the sides of the neck to the shoulder ; they are widest immediately 

 behind the head and gradually become narrower on the basal half 

 of the neck ; upper back, scapulars, and wing-coverts brownish 

 grey, each feather with a round black spot at the extremity ; lower 

 back, rump, upper tail-coverts, flanks, lower half of belly, and 

 under tail-coverts black glossed with dark greenish blue : quills 

 dark greyish brown ; tail-feathers black. A number of narrow white 

 feathers are conspicuously scattered on the dark part of the head, 

 neck, lower back, and vent. The longest feathers of the crest on 

 the fore part of the head measure less than 1"5 inch, while those 

 of the occipital crest measure more than 2 inches. Tail composed 

 of 12 feathers. " Iris green ; naked skin in front of the eyes and 

 gular pouch dark blue ; bill brownish yellow, horn-colour towards 

 the tip ; legs, feet, and webs bright orange-yellow " (Buller). 

 Total length about 29 inches, culmen 2-35-2-o5, wing 9-2 -9'8, 

 tail 3"4-3"7, tarsus 2*3, outer toe and claw 3*5. 



Adult in non-breeding plumage. The white plumes on the head, 

 neck, lower back, and rump disappear ; apparently the crests are 

 retained throughout the year, though, according to Sir W. Buller, 

 they are larger and more conspicuous in the breeding-seasou. 



'2 A 2 



