358 PHALACE0C0EACIDJ3. 



surronuds the eye. According to Pallas, the naked skin around the 

 base of the bill is varied with vermilion, blue, and white, as in the 

 Turkey, and about the eyes there is a kind of "• spectacles " of 

 thick white skin, 6 lines broad. The weight is 12-14 pounds, and 

 the female is smaller and devoid of the crests and •' spectacles " ! 

 Total length about 38 inches, culmen from feathers on forehead 2*9, 

 from gape 4, wing 13-5, tail 7"2, tarsus 2-8, outer toe and claw 4-7. 

 Hitb. Bering Island, Kamtschatka Sea. Probably extinct. 



a. Ad. sk. [Beriug Island.] Gould Coll. 



h. Ad. sk, [Bering Island.] Capt. Sir E. Belcher, Pt.N. [P.]. 



9. Phalacrocorax bicristatus. 



Red-faced Corvorant, Pennant, Arct. Zool. ii. p. 584 (1785). 



? Violet Corvorant, Pennant, Arct. Zool. ii. p. 584 (1785) [Kamt- 

 schatka] ; Latham, Gen. Syn. iii. pt. ii. p. 600 (1785). 



*? Pelecanus violaceus, Pennant, Arct. Zool. ii. p. 584 (1785) [Kamt- 

 schatka] ; Gmel. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 575 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 

 p. 888 (1790) ; Bonnat. Tabl. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 51 (1790). 



Pelecanus urile, Gmel. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 575 (1788) [part] ; Bonnat. 

 Tahl. Etiajcl. Meth. i. p. 50 (1790). 



Phalacrocorax bicristatus, Pallas, Zoogr. Posso-As. ii. p. 301, pi. Ixsv. 

 fig. 2 (1811) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Z. Fr. 1877, p. 41 [Abrek Bav, 

 E. Siberia] ; Blakist. ^- Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap. x. p. 102 (1882) 

 [Kurile Is'.]; Nelso7i, Cruise ' Coru-in,' p. 103 (1883); Coues, Key 

 K Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 728 (1884) ; Seehohm, Lbis, 1885, p. 271 ; 

 Matsch. u. Ziemer, J. f. O. 1885, p. 192 [Bering Seal ; Seebohm, 

 B. Japan, p. 211, fig. (1890). 



Hvdrocorax violaceus, Vieill. A". Diet. d'Hid. Xat. viii. p. 91 (1817). 



Violet Shag, Latham, Gen. Hist. B. x. p. 425 (1824). 



Phalacrocorax violaceus, Steph. in Shaic^s Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 86 

 (1826) ; G. R. Gray, List of B. pt. iii. p. 186 (1844) ; Hartl. J.f. 

 0. 1883, p. 285 [Portage Bav, Alaska] ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Z. Fr. 

 1883, p. 342 [Kamtschatka]. ' 



Graculus bicristatus, Eeichenb. Natatores, pi. xxxv.'' figs. 2740-41 

 (1850) ; Baird, Tr. Chicago Acad. i. p. 321, pi. xxxiii. (1869) 

 [Kadiak]; Dall ^ Bann. Tr. Chicago Acad. i. p. 302 (1869) 

 [Alaska] ; Coues, Key N. Atn. B. p. 304 (1872) ; Tacz. J. f. O. 

 1876, p. 203 [Ussuri]. 



Urile bicristatus, Bonaj}. Consp. Ar. p. 175 (1855). 



Graculus violaceus, G. R. Gray, Hand-I. B. iii. p. 128 (1871). 



Phalacrocorax urile, Baird, Brew. ^- Liidgtc. Water-B. N. A7ner. ii. 

 p. 162, fig. (1884) ; Stejn.Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. xxix. p. 181, 

 pi. viii. figs. 2, 3 (1885) : Ridgio. Man. N. A. B. p. 80 (1887) ; 

 Nelson, Rep. N. H. Alaska, no. iii. p. 65 (1887) ; A. O. U. Check-l. 

 2nd ed. p. 45 (1895). 



Adult in hreeding-phnnage. Forepart of the forehead, as well as 

 the lores and space surrounding the eyes, naked ; rest of the head 

 deep greenish blue, shading into steel-blue on the neck and with 



* It is impossible to say with certainty what bird Pennant intended to 

 describe under the name P. violaceus, but he most probably referred to the 

 present species. P. ztrile. Gmel., is partly founded on descriptions which can 

 only apply to P. pers-pieillatus, and cannot be used. I have therefore made use 

 of the nest oldest name. P. bicristatus. Pall. 



