1. PHALACKOCOKAX. 3G1 



Phalacrocorax aeolus, Swink. Ibis, 1867, p. 3'J5 [Amoy]. 



Graculus biciistatus, G. R. Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 128 (1871) ; 



Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 420. 

 Phalacrocorax violaceus, Nelson, Cruise ' Corwin,' p. 103 (1883) ; 



Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 729 (1884) ; Goss, Auk,i. 



p. 163 (1884) rWashington Co.]; Matsch. u. Ziemer, J. f. O. 



1885, p. 192 [Norton Sound]. 

 Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens, Baird, Brew. ^- Ridgic. Water- 



B. N. Am. ii. p. 160, 2 figs. (1884) ; Eidytc. Man. N. A. B. 



p. 80 (1887) ; Blake, Auk, iv. p. 329 (1887) [Santa Cruz I., Cal.] ; 



Bryant, F. Cal. Ac. (2) ii. p. 257 (1890) : A. 0. U. Check-l. 2nd 



ed. p. 44 (1895). 

 Phalacrocorax pelatriciis robustiis, Baird, Brew. ^- Ridyw. Water-B. 



N. Amer. ii. p. 160 (1884) ; Ridyw. Man. N. A. B. p. 80 (1887) ; 



Nelson, Rep. N. II. Alaska, no."^iii. p. Go (1887) ; Palmer, Auk, 



ix p. 309 (1892) [Grav's Harbour, Washington Co.]; A. O. U. 



Check-l. 2nd ed. p. 44 (1895). 

 Phalacrocorax violaceus bairdi, Coues, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. 



p. 729 (1884). 

 Plialacrocorax violaceus resplendens, Goss, Auk, i. p. 163 (1884) 



[Washington Co.] ; Ridyw. Auk, i. p. 165 (1884). 



Adult in breedinff-jjlumar/e. Very similar to the adult of P. bi- 

 er Istatus, but at once distinguished by having the feathering on the 

 forehead continued to the base of the culmen ; the neck strongly 

 glossed with violet-purple ; the sides of the upper back and scapu- 

 lars greenish and violet-bronze changing to hrir/ht metallic green, and 

 of a different tint to the lower back, rump, and underparts. Xeck, 

 lower back, and rump ornamented with narrow white plumes. 

 " Iris yellowish green to deep sea-green ; bill horny blackish brown, 

 lighter at base ; naked parts of face and throat dark greyish brown 

 with brownish-orange or brownish-vermilion papillae ; feet black " 

 {L. Stejner/er). 



Adult in non-breeding plumage. Similar to the above, but the 

 tuft-like crests on the crown and nape, the white fiank-patches, and 

 the narrow white plumes on the neck, lower back, and rump, are 

 absent. 



Tail composed of 12 feathers. 



Specimens from Eastern Asia and N.W. North America measure: — 



Adult male. Total length about 30 inches, culmen 2, wing IQ-S, 

 tail (y'2, tarsus 2-1. 



Adult fcnude. Total length about 28 inches, culmen 2, wing 

 10-7-10-8, taU 6-2, tarsus 2-1. 



Specimens from California measure : — 



Adult male. Total length about 27"5 inches, culmen I'So, wing 

 9'4, tail 5-5, tarsus 1"85. 



Adult femede. Total length about 26-5 inches, culmen 1*9, wing 

 y-6, tail 5-1 worn, tarsus 1-8. 



Immature. Very similar to the immature of P. bierisfatus, the 

 whole plumage being of a darkish brown, but the back and scapulars 

 are more or less glossed with dull green instead of purple. 



Three subspecies of P. pdagicus are recognized by American 

 ornithologists, viz : — 



