1. PEALACEOCORAX. 365 



Plialacrocorax graculus, Pallas, Zongr. liosso-As. ii. p. 299 (1811) ; 



Dninunt, in Levntulfs Diet. Sci. Nat. x. p. 450 (1818) ; 8tejjh. in 



Shale's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 82 (1826); Nutt. Man. Orn. p. 484 



(1834) [jjart., Europe : several species confounded] ; Keys. u. Bias. 



Wirhelth. p. 233 (1840) ; Bemid. Voy. Russ. Merid. iii. p. 302 



(1840) ; G. R. Grai/, List of B. iii. p. 184 (1844) ; Thomps. Nat. 



Hist. Irel. iii. p. 250 (l8ol); Maty ill. Brit. B. v. p. 392 (1852) ; 



Brehm, Yoyelfany, p. 3G0 (1855;.; HcM. Voy. Nederl. p. 576, 



pi. 327 [immat.] (1858) ; Smith. Ibis, 1868, p. 458 [Portugal] ; 



Collett, Fid. SpIs/c. Fork. Christ. 1868, p. 183: Fritsch, Nat. J'cit/. 



Furojja, p. 451 (1^70), Atl. pi. 53. tig. 4 (1871) ; Gray, B. West. 



Scotl. p. 457 (1871) ; Gould, B. Gt. Brit. v. pi. 53 (1872) ; Fajmen, 



J. f. O. 1876, p. 61 [Finland] ; Dresser, B. Europe, vi. p. 163, 



pi. 389 (1879) [part]; Irhy, Ibis, 1883, p. 190 [Saatauder] ; 



Saund. ed. Yarrell, Br. B. iv. p. 151 (1884) ; Seebohm, Hist. Brit. 



B. iii. p. 656, pi. 34. tig. ag^ (1885); Dixon, Ibis, 1885, p. 91 



[St. Kilda] ; Booth, Rouyh Notes, iii. pt. xiv. (1887) ; Saunders, 



III. Man. Brit. B. p. 351 (1889) : Seebohm, Ibis, 1890, p. 408 



[Ireland] ; Turle, Ibis, 1891, p. 8 [Blasket Is.] ; Li/ford, Col. Fig. 



Br.B. pt. xxii. (J 892); Seebohm, Ibis, 1892, p. 28 [Heligoland] ; 



Blayy, Ibis, 1893, p. 353 [Shetland] ; Pearson (^ Bidwell, Ibis, 



1894, p. 232 [N. Norway] ; Pearson, Ibis, 1895, p. 247 [Iceland], 



1896, p. 210 [Russian Lapland] ; Sharpe, Handh. B. Gr. Brit. ii. 



p. 215, pi. Iii. (1896); Kolombatovic, MT. Orn. Wien, xx. 



pp. 25-28 (1896). 

 Crested Cormorant, Pennant, Brit. Zool. ii. p. 284, pl. xlvii. (1812). 

 Hydrocorax graculus, Vieill. N. Diet, d' Hist. Nat. viii. p. 87 (1817) ; 



id. Faun. Fra?i<;. p. 344 (1828). 

 Ilvdrocorax cristatus, T'ieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. p. 89 (1817) ; 



'id. Fau?i. Franq. p. 345, pl. 145. tig. 1 (1828). 

 Carbo cristatus, Temm. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 900 (1820), iv. p. 565 



(1840); Meyer V. Wolf, Tasch. iii. p. 233 (1822); Temm. Pl. 



Col. V. pl 119 [no. 322] (1825) ; Werner, Atl. Ois. d'Eur., Ord. 



15, pl. 89 (1828) ; Lesson, Traite d'Orn. p. 604 (1831) [part]. 

 Ilalieus graculus, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 86 (1823) ; Naum. Nat. 



Voy. Deutschl. xi. p. 88, pl. 280 (1842) ; Pussier, J. f. O. 1853, 



p. 315 [Lapland]; Rey, J.f. 0. 1872, p. 155 [Portugal]. 

 Shag, Latham, Gen. Hist. B. x. p. 419 (1824) ; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. 



^. iii. p. 378 (1843). 

 Phalacrocorax cristatu-', Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 83 



(1826) ; Selby, III. Brit. Orn. ii. p. 450, pl. 86 (1833) ; Nutt. Man. 



Orn. p. 486 (1834) [part ; several species confounded] ; Nils. Sknnd. 



Faun. ii. p. 479 (1835); Gould, B. Eur. v. pl. 410 (1837); 



KHrner, Skand. Foyl. p. 21, pl. 59. tig. 3 (1839-46) ; Keys. u. Bias. 



Wirbelth. p. 233 (1840) ; G. R. Gray, List of B. pt. iii. p. 185 



(1844); Degl. Orn. Eunip.'ii. p. 379 (1849) [part]; Walters, N. 



Hist. B. Irel. p. 237 (1853); Jaubert ^ Lapomm. Rich. Orn. 



p. 379 (1859); Degl. ^ Gerbe, Orn. Europ. ii. p. 354 (1867) 



[part] ; Marchand, Rev. Zool. (3) iii. p. 142, pl. ii. (1875). 

 Phalacrocorax brachyuros (sic), Brehm, Voy. Deutschl. p. 822 (1831) ; 



id. Voyelfang, p. 360 (1855). 

 Graculus liuuaji, G. R. Gray, Gen. B. iii. p. 667 (1845) ; Reichenb. 



Natatores, pl. xxxv.'' '" tig. 2647 ! ! (1850) ; More, Ibis, 1865, p. 451 



[Great Britain]. 

 Graculus cristatus, Reichenb. Natatores, pl. xxxiii. figs. 3G6-68, 



pl. xxxiv. tig. 860, pl. XXXV." '" tigs. 2645-6 (1850) ; Bonap. Consp. 



Av.^. 171 (1855) ; Sundev. Sv. Fogl. pl. Iv. tig. 3 (1856) ; Schl. Mas. 



