368 phalacrocoeactdj:. 



Subsp. a. Phalacrocorax desmaresti. 



Phalacrocorax desinarestii, Payraudeau, Ann. Sci. Kat. (i.) viii. 

 p. 464 (1826) [Sardinia, etc. ; tail said to be composed of 14 

 feathersj ; Gould, B. Eur. v. pi. 411 (]837) [Black Sea] ; Keys. u. 

 Blasim, WirheltJi. p. :^33 (1840) ; Degl. Orn. Europ. ii. p. 380 

 (1849); Brehm, Voyelfang, p. 360 (1855); BoUe, J. f. O. 1865, 

 p. 415 [Sardinia] ; Fritsck, Voy. Europa, p. 452 (1870) ; Brooke, 

 Ibis, 1873, p. 345 [Sardinia]. 



Carbo cristatus, Cara (iiec GnieL), Orn. Sard. p. 199 (1842). 



Carbo leucogaster, Cara {nee VieilL), Orn. Sard. p. 199 (1842). 



Phalacrocorax albus, G. H. Gray, List of B. pt. iii. p. 184 (1844) 

 [albino]. 



Phalacrocorax graculus, Milhle [nee Linn.), Beitr. Orn. Griechenl. p. 131 

 (1844) ; Zmrfmw. Voy. Griechenl. p. 167 (1860) ; Belle, J. f. 0. 1865, 

 p. 420 : Elwes ^ Buckl. Ihis, 1870, p. 336 [Epirus] ; Saunders, 

 Ibis, 1871, p. 398 [S. Spain^; Taylor, Ihis, 1872, p. 234 [Crimea] ; 

 Irby, Orn. Gibraltar, p. 207 (1875) ; Blanf. E. Persia, ii. p. 298 

 (1876) [Caspian]; Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, "p. 48 [Corsica]; Giyl. 

 Avif. Ital. p. 272 (1880) ; Sahad. Ucc. Ifal. p. 271 (1886) ; Giyl. 

 Avif. Ital. pt. i. p. 682, pt. ii. p. 658 (18^9-90) ; Lilford, Ibis, 

 1889, p. 347 [Cypru.«] ; Irby, Or7i. Gibraltar, 2nd ed. p. 198 

 (1895). 



Graculus desmarestii, Reichenb. Natatores, pi. xxxv.^ <'' figs. 2644 & 

 pi. cvi.'= figs. 2942-4 (1850). 



Halieus desmarestii, Gloyer, J.f. 0. 1857, pp. 5-14 [Mediterranean]. 



Halieus leucogaster, Gloyer, J. f. O. 1857, pp. 14-23 [Mediter- 

 ranean]. 



Carbo desmarestii, Homeyer, J.f. O. 1858, p. 237, 1859, p. 132. 



Phalacrocorax cristatus, Linderm. Voy. Griechenl. p. 167 (1860) ; 

 Whartvn, Ihis, 1876, p. 29 [Corsica]. 



Carbo graculus, var. desmaresti, Tschusi u. Dalla Torre, Ornis, iii. 

 p. 350 (1887), iv. p. 361 (1888), vi. p. 266 (1890) [Austro- 

 Hungary]. 



Phalacrocorax graculus croaticus, Brusina, Orn. Jahrb. ii. p. §2 

 (1891) [Croatia]; id. Motr. Ptic. Soiz. [Birds of Croatia], p. 72 

 (1891?). 



Phalacrocorax graculus, var. desmaresti, Beiser, Orn. Balcanica, iv. 

 p. 144 (1896). 



The Mediterranean form of P. graculus appears to differ con- 

 stantly in the following points : — The bill is longer and more 

 slender than in the adult of P. graculus, and the young have the 

 underparts white. I have only examined a very limited number 

 of specimens ; but am of opinion that this Mediterranean form 

 should be regarded as subspecifically distinct. 



Hab. Coasts and islands of the Mediterranean ; Black and 

 Caspian Seas. 



a. Ad. sk. (albino). No locality. Old Coll. (Type of 



P. albus, CI. R. Gray.) 

 h. Ad. sk. No locality. Massena Coll. 



c. Imm. sk. Tangier. Purchased. 



d'f. Ad., imm., et juv. sic. Croatia, Aug. Prof. Brusina [P.]. 



