1. PIIALACROCORAX. 339 



Carbo niag-ellivniciis, Cassin, U.S. Erpl. Kiped., Oni. p. 370(18o8). 

 Graculii.s penicilliitus, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, vi. Pelec. p. 18 (1803) 

 [part, no. 1 j. 



Adult in full hreedinrj-plumcifje. Entire head and neck black, with 

 dark stcel-bhie gloss ; interscapular region and wings dull oil-green, 

 each feather indistinctly and narrowly margined Avith darker colour ; 

 lower back, rump, upper and under tail-covcrts, flanks, and thighs 

 black glossed with dark steel-blue, and thickly interspersed with 

 long narrow white feathers ; similar feathers are sparsely scattered 

 over the head, neck, and upper parts ; a small white patch on the 

 ear-coverts ; chest and rest of underparts white ; quills and tail- 

 feathers brownish black. The crest, which is well-developed, is 

 probably retained for a short period only, being apparently shed 

 before the scattered white filaments make their appearance among 

 the plumage of the upper parts. Xasal caruncles not very marked ; 

 naked skin on the sides of the throat carunuulated. Tail composed 

 of 12 feathers. Total length about 26 inches, culmen from feathers 

 on forehead to tip 1*8-2 3, depth to cutting-edge 0-3, wing 9-6- 

 10"6, tail 5"l-6, tarsus 2-2-3, outermost toe and claw 3"7. 



Adult in iviidir plumafje. Chin, throat, and fore-neck white like 

 the rest of the underparts. 



Iris reddish brown ; lids and wattled skin on throat of a blood-red 

 colour ; legs and feet j^ellow. 



A number of specimens show every intennediate stage between 

 the particoloured neck with the fore part white and the entirely 

 black neck. In all these specimens the white feathers are apparently 

 being cast and replaced b\' black ones. In several examples the 

 whole neck is entirely black, with only the chin and throat white ; 

 some specimens in this plumage have the long white feathers 

 characteristic of the breeding-season. 



An immature »!rtZe has the entire head, neck, and chest as well as 

 the upper parts brownish black with some greenish gloss, especially 

 on the lower back ; only the inter-ramal band of feathers on the 

 throat white, as well as a number of tiny plume-like white feathers 

 scattered about the head and neck ; the breast and belly lighter 

 brown than the chest and mixed here and there with white 

 feathers. 



A more mature hird has the plumage similar to the above, but all 

 the feathers of the breast and rest of underparts are white with 

 brown extremities, giving these parts a mottled appearance. 



A still older bird has the plumage very similar to the above, but 

 with rather more greenish gloss on the upper parts, and the under- 

 parts below the breast pure white, with only a few scattered feathers 

 with brown tips. 



Hah. Southern coasts of South America, and Falkland Islands. 



a-c. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands. Capt. Kellett & Lieut. 



"Wood, K.X. [P.]. 

 d, e. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands. Tweeddale Coll. 



f. Ad. sk. Berkeley Simnd, Falkland Is. Antarctic Exped. 



ff. Vix ad. sk. Berkelev Sound, April 19 McCoriuick Bequest, 



(i?. SfcCormick-). 



