406 PHALACEOCOEACID^. 



Shelleij, B. Eqypt, p. 29o (1872) ; BrooU, Ibis, 1873, p. 345 



[Sardinia] ; Tacz. J. f. O. 1876, p. 189 [Ussuri] ; Dresser, Ibis, 



1876, p. 414; id. B. Europe, vi. p. 173, pi. 391 (1876) [part.]; 



Blanf. E. Pers. ii. p. 298 (1876) ; Bogcl. B. Caucas. p. 182 (1879) ; 



Tristram, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 826 [Lake of Autiocli] ; Seeboh?n, Ibis, 



1883, p. 36 [Caspian]; Radde, Orn. Caucas. p. 469 (1884); 



Alleon, Ornis, ii. p. 425 (1886) [Danube] ; Radde u. Walt. Ornis, 



V. p. 124 (1889) [Transcaspia] ; Sclater, Ibis, 1894, p. 107 [Wur- 



temburg] ; Reiser, Orn. Balcanica, ii. p. 193 (1894), iv. p. 143 



(1896) ; Sclate); Ibis, 1895, p. 169 [Zurich]. 

 Hydrocorax pygmseus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. yni. p. 88 (1817). 

 Carbo pygmaeus, Tetnm. Ma??. d'Orn. ii. p. 901 (1820), iv. p. 568 



(1840); Meyer S^ Wolf, Taschenb. iii. p. 235 (1822); Werner, 



Atl. Ois. (i'Eur. Ord. 15. pi. 90 (1828) ; Gould, B. Eur. v. 



pi. 409 (1837) ; Cara, Om. Sard. p. 200 (1842) ; Bree. B. Eur. 



IV. p. 178, pi. (1867) ; Seve?-tz. Turkest. Jevotnie, p. 70 (1873) ; 



id. Zeit. yes. Orii. iv. p. 21 (1888) ; Tsclmsi u. Dalla Torre, Ornis, 



vi. p. 267 (1890) [Hungary]. 

 Halieus pygmfeus, Licht. t'erz. Doubl. p. 86 (1823) ; Naum. Nat. 



Voff. Deutschl. xi. p. 112, pi. 281 (1842) ; Fischer, J.f. 0. 1872, 



p. .390 [St. Petersburg ; very rare]. 

 Graculus pygmaeus, Reichenb. Natatores, pi. xxxii. figs. 856-859 



(1860) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, vi. Pelec. p. 13 (1863) [part] ; 



Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 129 (1871) ; Danf. c^- Brown, Ibis, 1876, 



p. 431 [Transylvania]. 

 Graculus pygmseus algiriensis, Reichenb. Natatores. pi. xxxii.'' 



figs. 2305-6 (1850). 

 Carbo niepcii, Malh. Orn. Alt/, p. 38 (1855). 

 Microcarbo pygmaeus, Bonaj). Consp. Av. ii. p. 179 (1855) ; Gigl. 



Avif. Ital. p. 273 (1886) ; Salvad. Ucc. Ital. p. 271 (1886) ; Meyer, 



Vdg.-Skelet. pt. xii. pi. cxiii. (1888-89). 

 Phalacrocorax ^wvaWio, Licht. Jide Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 180 (1857). 

 Haliaetus (sic) pygmaeus, Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1877, p. 163 



[Poland] ; id. Ornis, iv. p. 504 (1888) [Poland, very rare]. 

 Phalacrocorax javanicus, Sharjje (nee Horsf.), Tr. Linn. Soc. (2) v. 



pt. 3, p. 92 (1889) [Bala Morghab]. 



Adult in hreecUng-plumage. Forehead, lores, feathers surrounding 

 the eye and naked throat black ; rest of head deep reddish brown, 

 gradually becoming paler on the occiput and upper part of the neck ; 

 lower part of the neck and remainder of the plumage shining black, 

 with a slight greenish gloss most conspicuous on the underjmrts ; 

 scapulars and wing-coverts dark grey, each feather margined with 

 black. Head, neck, back, rump, and entire underparts with 

 scattered white plumules. Tail composed of 12 feathers. Iris 

 green ; bill, naked skin round eyes and on throat black ; feet 

 blackish grey. Total length about 22 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 7'8-8, 

 tail 5'5, tarsus 1'4, outer toe and claw 2-6-2'7. 



Adult in non-breeding plumage. Chin and feathers surrounding 

 the bare throat white ; forehead, lores, feathers round the eye, as 

 well as the head, neck, and chest reddish brown ; feathers of the 

 upper back narrowly edged with whitish brown. 



Nestling. Fore part of head, chin and throat naked ; rest of the 

 head and neck, sides of the belly and vent covered with very dark 

 smoky-brown down ; chest, breast, and underparts brown, mottled 



I 



