1. PHALACROCORAX. 



407 



with darker brown ; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and sides of the 

 breast black with some greenish gloss ; wing-coverts and scapulars 

 shining grey in some lights, changing to black glossed with dark 

 green, each featlier being bordered with black. 



Tminafure in cnitwnn plumxKje. Head and neck reddish brown, 

 shading into white on the chin and feathers bordering the throat, 

 and into lighter brown on the fore part of the neck and chest ; back 

 and rump mostly black, each feather with a narrow sandy margin ; 

 wing-coverts and scapulars grey, devoid of metallic gloss, each 

 feather margined with black and fringed externally with sandy ; 

 underparts dirty white, more or less mottled with brown and 

 shading into black on the sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts. 



Hah. Coasts, lakes, and rivers of Central and South Europe, 

 North Africa, and South-west and Central Asia ; apparently strag- 

 gling as far north as Poland in the West and the Ussuri in the East. 



a. S ad. sk. 



b, c. Ad sk. 

 d. Pull. sk. 



e,f. c? 2 vix ad. 



sk. 

 g. Imm. sk. 



h, i. <S ? imm. sk. 



A-, /. 2 imm. sk. 



Algiers. 



Ghuelma, Tunis. 



Banat Dist., Himgary, June. 



Adalia, Asia Minoi*, Dec. 22 



{C.G. Banford). 

 Bagdad. 



River Tigris ( Commander 



Jones). 

 Bala Morghab, Afghanistan, 



Jan. & Dec. 



Purchased. 

 Purchased. 

 Baron A. von Hiigel 



[P.]. 

 Seebohm Coll. 



Kenneth Loftus, Esq. 



India Museum [P.]. 



Dr. Aitchison [C.]. 



3G. Phalacrocorax africanus. 



African Shag, Latham, Gen. Syn. iii. pt. ii. p. 606 (178-5) ; id. Gen. 

 Hist. B. X. p. 420 (1824). 



Pelecanus africanus, Gmel. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 577 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. 

 Orn. ii. p. 890 (1790); Bonnat. Tabl. Encxjd. Meth. i. p. 51 

 (1790). 



Hydrocorax africanus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. p. 88 (1817). 



Phalacrocorax africanus, Ste2:)h. in Shaiu's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 85 

 (1826) ; Nutt. Man. Orn. p. 488 (1884) [United States!]; Hartl. 

 Beitr. Om. W.-Afr. p. 44 (1844) ; G. R. Gray, List of B. pt. iii. 

 p. 188 (1844) ; mijyp. Vikj. N.O-Afr. p. 140 (1845) [Nile]; Hartl. 

 J. f. 0. 1854, p. 308; Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 361 (1855) ; Heuql. 

 Voff. N.O.-Afr. p. 72(1856); Hartl S'l/st. Orn. W.-Afr. -p. 260 

 (1857) : Heine, J. f. O. 1860, p. 202 fCamma R.] ; Gur?ie>/, Ibis, 

 1862, p. 154 [Natai] ; £irk, Ibis, 1864, p. 338 [Zambesi] ; Monteiro, 

 P. Z. S. 1865, p. 89 [Benguela] ; Bocage, J. Acad. Lisb. no. ii. 

 p. 150 (1867), no. viii. p. 351 (1870) ; Sharjie, Jhis, 1870, p. 448 

 fVolta, Fantee]; Antiu. ^- Salmd. Cat. Ucc. Borjos, p. 152 (1873) 

 [Bogos] ; Dresser, B. Europe, vi. p. 1G9, pi. 390 (1876) ; Ayres, 

 Jbis, 1880, p. 273 [Transvaal]; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 602 

 [Usambara Hills, E. Africa] ; Forbes, Ibis, 1883, p. 523 [R. Niger] ; 

 Sharpes ed. Lai/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 781 (1884) ; Shellet/, Ibis, 1888, 

 p. 307 [Jipi] ; Rendall, Ibis, 1892, p. 226 [Gambia] ; " Sibree, Ibis, 

 1892, p. 272 [Madagascar] ; Skarpe, Ibis, 1892, p. 540 [Ripen 

 Falls, Nile] ; Eeichenow, J. f. O. 1892, p. 4 ; id. Viiy. Deutsch- 



