408 PnALACROCOEACID^. 



O.-Afr. p. 22, fig. 9 (] 894) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1894, p. 28, 1896, p. 241 

 [Nyasaland]; Euschel, J.f. O. 1896, p. 83 [epgsj ; W. L. Sclater, 

 Ibts, 1896, pp. 521, 622 [Dassen I.] ; Shellei/, Ibis, 1897, p. 551 

 [Lake Nyasa] ; Reichenoiv, J.f. 0. 1897, p. 2 [Togo]. 



Carbo afiicanus, Less. Traite d'Orn. p. 604 (1831) [part, female] ; 

 Pucheran, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1860, p. 626 ; Hartert, J. f. 0. 1886, 

 p. 612 [Niger]. 



? Phalacrocorax pvgmseus, Child/: in Denham ^- Clappertons Trav. 

 in Afr., App. p" 20G (1826) [Central Africa]. 



Carbo africanoides, Sniifh, Rep. E.iped. Cent. Afr.,App. p. 57 (1836) 

 [New Latakooj ; id. Willu;/h. >Soc. p. 123 [reprint 1880]. 



Carbo longicaudus. Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 2o5, pi. 31 (1837). 



Graculus africanus, Reichenb. Natatores, pi. xxxiv. fig. 867 (1850) ; 

 Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, vi. Pefccp. 15 (1863) ; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 426 

 [Madagascar] ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 381 (18G7) : Schleg. S,- Pollen, 

 Rech. Faun. Madagas. pt. ii. Ois. p. 137 (1868) ; Gurnfy, Ibis, 

 1868, p. 264 [Natai] ; Layard, Ibis, 1869, p. 77 [Grahamstown], 

 p. 377 [Berg R.] ; Blanf. Zool. Abyss, p. 441 (1870) [Lake 

 AshangiJ: Finsch Sf Haril. J'iir/. Ost-Afr. p. 847 (1870); Finsch, 

 Tr. Zool.' Soc. vii. pt. iv. p. 330 (1870) ; Gray, Haml-l. B. iii. 

 p. 129 (1871) ; Gurney, ed. Anderss. B. Damaral. p. 370 (1872) ; 

 Bocaqe, J. Acad. Lish. no. xiii. p. 70 (1872), no. xviii. pp. 290,294 

 (1873) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. iii. p. 1493 (1873); Bartlett, 

 P. Z. S. 1875, p. 69 [S.E. Madagascar] ; Burratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 214 

 [Leydeuburg Uistr.J ; Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 354 [Transvaal] ; 

 Fisck. u. Reich. J. f. O. 1878, p. 247 [Tana] ; Bocage, Orn. 

 Angola, p. 522 (1881) ; Shai-pe in Oates, Matabeleland, p. 328 

 (1881) ; Bohn, J. f. 0. 1882, p. 179 [Ugalla R.l ; Schal. J.f. O. 

 1883, p. 338 [Gombe R.] ; Bohm, J f. O. 1885, p. 37 ; Fisch. 

 J.f. O. 1885, p. 114 [E. Africa] ; Biittikof. Notes Leyd. Mus. vii. 

 p. 252 (1885) [Liberia] ; Grandidier, Hist. Madagas., Ois. p. 685, 

 pis. 282, 283 (1885) ; Matsck. J.f. 0. 1887, pp. 137, 144 [Katuma, 

 Marungu]. 



Graculus longicaudus, Reichenb. Natatores,-^\. xxxiv. fig. 868 (1850). 



Microcarbo africanus, Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 178 (1855). 



Graculus coronatus, Wahlberg, J.f. O. 1857, p. 4 fPossession I., 

 S. W. Africa]. 



Halieus africanus, Harfl. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 175 ; id. Orn. Madagas. 

 p. 86 (1861) ; id. Vbg. Madagas. p. 398 (1877). 



Adult in breeding-plumage. General colour of j^lumage shining 

 black, with a dull greenish gloss; upper back and wing-coverts 

 grey, tipped and narrowly bordered with black and, when freshly 

 moulted, narrowly fringed with whitish buff; scapulars brownish 

 grey, and similarly marked to the back and wing-coverts. Feathers 

 boz'dering the forehead and fore part of the crown white, with the 

 tips of the shafts dilated and black and having the appearance of 

 short stiff bristles ; a tuft of white hair-like feathers above the ear. 

 Tail composed of 12 feathers. 



Iris bright crimson ; eyelids pinkish flesh-colour ; bare skin of 

 face flesh-colour or bluish ; bill chrome-yellow ; ridge, tip and part 

 of lower mandible more or less light duskj- brown and more or less 

 barred ; legs and feet black. 



Total length about 22 inches, culmen 1"2, wing 8-8' 6, tail 6, 

 tarsus l"4-l-5, outer toe and claw 2'7. 



