1. PHALACROCOllAX. 



409 



Adult in non-hreeding plumage. Top of the head and neck brown, 

 darkest above, palest below ; feathers of the upper back, scapulars 

 and wing-coverts margined with brownish white ; chin and throat 

 white ; base of neck and chest brownish white ; breast and bellj- 

 white ; plumage otherwise similar to the preceding. 



Young ill first plumage (Potchefstroom, Maj^). Top of the head 

 and back of the neck dark brown, paler on the cheeks and sides of 

 the neck ; upper back and shorter scapulars bro-\vnish black, each 

 feather margined with brownish white ; rest of scapulars and wing- 

 coverts brownish grey, rather widelj' margined with dark brown 

 and fringed with brownish white ; chin and throat white ; fore-neck, 

 chest, and upper breast brownish white ; rest of breast and belly 

 dirty white ; sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts black ; quills and 

 tail-feathers blackish, pointed at the extremity and margined with 

 brownish white. 



^ery soon the adult plumage begins to make its appearance 

 among the feathers of the upper parts, the new scapulars and 

 wing-coverts being conspicuous. When this plumage is complete 

 the young resembles the adult in non-breeding plumage. 



In the adult the very marked change into the shining black 

 breeding-plumage appears to be generally attained by moult, but, in 

 some examples at least, some of the white feathers of the under- 

 parts become black by change of colour without a moult. 



Hah. Africa south of about 29i° jS^. lat. ; Madagascar. 



a, h. Ad. sk. 



c. Ad. sk. 



d. Imm. sk. 



e. (S ad. sk. 



/. Ad. sk. 



</. Imm. sk. 



k-j. Ad. et 



imm. sk. 

 k. Ad. sk. 



/. Ad. sk. 

 m-o.cS 2ad.et 

 (5 imm. sk. 

 /J, q. Ad. sk. 



r, s. Ad. et 



imm. sk. 

 t. 2 ad. sk. 



.M, V. c? $ ad. 



sk. 

 10. (S ad. sk. 



.r. Ad. sk. 



Fayoom, Egypt, Mar. G (G. E. S.). 

 Lake Ashangi, Abyssinia, 8000 



feet, May 4. 

 Zanzibar. 

 Lake Xyasa, June {A. Whyte). 



Lake Sliirwa {A. W.). 



Lake Shirwa, Sept. 20 {A. W.). 



Upper Shire River, Nov. (^4. TT^.). 



Xr. Mpimbi, Shire River, July 



{J. McDonald). 

 Matabili { W. E. S^ C. G. Oates). 

 Potchefstroom, May to July {T. L. 



Aijrits). 

 Potchefstroom. 



South Africa. 



Latakoo, S. Africa. 



(Type of C. 

 Rio Coroca, Angola, Jan. (.4wc^/rfa). 



Huilla, Mossamedes, Feb. {An- 



chieta). 

 BeuiTuela. 



Shellev CoU. 



W. T. Blauford, 



Esq. [C.]. 

 Shelley Coll. 

 Sir H. H. Johnston 



[P.]. 

 Sii- H. II. Johnston 



Sir H. H. Johnston 



[P.]. 

 Sir H. H. Johnston 



[P.]. 

 Sir H. H. Johnston 



[P.]. 

 Shelley CoU. 

 J. H. Gumey, Esq. 



[P.]. 

 F. A. Barratt, Esq. 



[P.]. 

 Sir A. Smith [P.]. 



Sir A. Smith [P.] . 

 africanoides, Smith.) 

 Shelley Coll. 



Shelley CoU. 



J. .1. Mouteiro, Esq. 



[C.]. 



