472 ■ PELECANID^. 



Pelecaniis manillensis, Oate& {nee Gmel.), B. Brit. Biirmnh, ii. p. 236 



(1883) ; Oates, ed. Hutne's Nests Sr Egys hid. B. iii. p. 276 (1890) ; 



myan, Ibis, 1893, p. 434 [Haiuan], 1894, p. 336 [Lower Yangtse : 



breeding]. 

 Pelecanus phillipensis, Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 330 (1884). 

 Pelecanus rufescens, Hume {nee Gmel.), Str. F. x. p. 490 (1887) 



[part, India, etc.]. 



Adult in breeding-plumage (September to February). General 

 colour pure white ; forehead, top of the head, fairly long crest, 

 cheeks, and neck covered with dense curly, very soft, pure white 

 feathers, with their black bases more or less visible ; the hind-neck, 

 from the crest to the upper back, covered with soft greyish-brown 

 feathers, forming a mane ; upper back, scapulars, and wing-coverts 

 white, tinged, especially on the lesser wing-coverts, with cream- 

 colour ; winglet, primaries, and primary-coverts brownish black, with 

 the upper surface of the shafts dark ; secondaries greyish brown, paler 

 on the outer web and shading into brownish grey on the innermost 

 secondaries ; an interscapular line down the middle of the upper back ; 

 lower back, rump, flanks, under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under 

 wing-coverts vinaceous ; rest of underparts pure white, the chest and 

 upper breast tinged with yellow ; tail-feathers ashy, paler towards 

 the tips and with dark shafts. Tail composed of 22 feathers. 



Bill pinkish yellow, the lateral portions of the upper mandible 

 with large bluish-black spots ; the nail and terminal halves of both 

 mandibles orange-yellow ; central portions of the sides of the lower 

 mandible smeared with bluish black ; pouch dull purple, blotched 

 and spotted with bluish black ; eyelids and skin round the eye 

 orange-yellow ; skin in front of eye livid ; legs and feet very dark 

 brown ; claws yellowish horn : iris stone-white, varying to pale 

 yellow, clouded with brown (E. W. Oates). 



Total length 51-59 inches, culmen 12-0-14-5, wing 22-24, tail 

 8-9*5, tarsus 3"3-3"8. The female is somewhat smaller than the 

 male, but not conspicuously so. 



Adtdt in non-hreeding plumage (March-August). Plumage similar 

 to that of the young after the first moult. 



Nestling. Covered with white down ; iris dark brown ; bill pale 

 plumbeous ; legs china-white ; pouch pale bluish white. 



The down on the wings soon turns to pale rufous ; and the scapu- 

 lars, when they appear, are brown, edged with ferruginous ; the 

 wing-coverts, on making their appearance, are furnished with a 

 dense fringe of rufous down, which, however, soon falls off, leaving 

 the feathers with rufous margins ; the scapulars are developed very 

 rapidly, and their ferruginous margins are diminished in extent as 

 the bird grows ; the down on the head and neck gives place to 

 brownish feathers, and the crest and loose feathers of the mane on 

 the hind-neck soon make their appearance. 



The young bird, when fully fledged, retains its first feathers for 

 at least one year, the only change being that the brown colours 

 become darker and the rufous edgings abraded and consequently 

 less marked. The impressed spots on the bill are not indicated till 



