1. PELECANTTS. 



473 



the sixth month, and even at the end of twelve months these spots 

 are quite iudistiuct, compared with those of the adult bird. Towards 

 the end of the first year a livid spot appears in front of the eyes and 

 soon becomes clearly defined. The nail and the terminal third of 

 the edges of the bill are yellow, legs and toes flesh-colour. 



After the first moult, at about twelve months of age, the whole 

 head and neck are covered with short, soft downy feathers, the bases 

 of which are black, the tips white ; and the crest and mane are 

 developed to the same extent as in the adult ; the shoulders and 

 scapulars are wood-brown ; the lesser and median coverts to the 

 secondaries wood-brown, the feathers all edged with paler ; the 

 greater coverts darker brown, edged with light brown ; the coverts 

 to the tertiaries greyish brown, edged with pale fulvous. The 

 whole of the coverts are narrow and sharp-poiuted ; the winglet, 

 primaries, and their coverts dark brown ; the secondaries brown, 

 tiuged with ashy on the outer webs : the whole back, rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, and flanks white ; the tail dark brown, with the base 

 white ; the lower plumage whitish brown, each feather being white 

 with the tip brownish, the feathers close, dense, and soft. 



In June of the third year, or when the bird is about thirty months 

 old, the moult into adult bi-eeding-plumage is commenced and the 

 change is entirely eftected by October, except that in this first 

 breeding-season the wing-coverts never become entirely white as 

 in the old bird, the feathers of these parts being a mixture of long, 

 sharp-pointed, white feathers, and comparatively blunt brown one.*. 

 Between June and October the pouch, which has hitherto been 

 spotless, becomes blotched with livid as in the adults, the blotches 

 extending to the face ; the legs turn to dark brown ; the iris becomes 

 paler brown ; and the spots on the bill become firm and well- 

 defined. 



Mr. E. W. Gates, having kept large numbers of P. philippemis 

 in confinement, has had exceptional opportunities of studying the 

 changes of plumage, and the above descriptions are the results of his 

 observations, published in his ' Birds of British Burmah," ii. p. 236. 



Hah. India and Ceylon, ranging southward through Burma to the 

 Malay Peninsula and eastward to China, Hainan, and the Philippine 

 Islands. 



a. Imm. sk. 



Belgaum, India, Nov. {E. A. 

 Butler). 



b. Imm. sk. Jhansi. 



c. 2 imm. sk. Sultanpur, Gurgaou Dist., 



Sept. 2 (IF. N. Chill). 



d. e. Imm. sk. Fyzabad, Oudh, Jan. 

 f-h. Ad. et imm. Etawah. 



/, A-. Ad. sk. 

 /, m. Imm. sk. 



Mynpoorie Dist., Feb. 

 Nepal {B. H. Hodf/son). 



n, o. Ad. et imm. Nepal. 



sk. 

 J), q. Imm. sk. 



Rangoon, April {E. W. Oates). 



Hume Coll. 



Hume CoU. 

 Hume Coll. 



Hume Coll. 

 Hume Coll. 



Hume Coll. 

 India Museum 



B. H. Hodgson, 



Esq. [P.]. 

 Hume CoU. 



