530 PODICIPEDID^. 



(1879); Gigl. Ibis, 1881, p. 222 [Italy, rare]; Seebohm, Ibis, 



1883, p. 36 [Caucasus]; Irbi/, Ibis, 1883, p. 190 TSantander] ; 



Saunders, ed. Yarrell, JBrit. B. iv. p. 128 (1885) ; Hartert, Ibis, 



1892, p. 521 [E. Prussia] ; Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. pt. xxvii. 



(1893). 

 Dytes auritus, Ridgio. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. p. 55 (1881) ; Baird, 



Brno. 8f Ridgw. Water-B. N. Amer. ii. p. 432 (1884); Agersb. 



Auk, ii. p. 289 (1885) [S.E. Dakota] ; Sharpe, Randb. B. Gr. Brit. 



iv. p. 201 (1897). 

 Podicipes cornutus, Cones 4" Pre7itiss, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. 



p. 110 (1883) [Columbia Dist.]; Coves, Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. 



p. 795 (1884) ; Loomis, Auk, ii. p. 193 (1885) [S. Carolina] ; Seton, 



Auk, ii. p. 314 (1885) [Manitoba]. 

 Podicipes auritus, Divon, Ibis, 1887, p. 460 [Gairlocb : breeds] ; 



Suluad. Ucc. Itul. p. 301 (1887) ; Saunders, III. Man. Brit. B. p. 705 



(l.'^89) ; Evan.-i, Ann. Scot. N. H. i. p. 171 (1892) [Gairlocb birds 



identiiied witb P. fluviatilis\ ; Millais, Ibis, 1896, p. 455, pi. x. 



[change of plumage without moult]. 



Adult in hreeding-plumage. General colour above black, with 

 greyish margins to the feathers ; head and throat black, the feathers 

 on the hinder' parts of the head and throat much lengthened and 

 forming a thick frill ; a band of hairy buff-coloured feathers on 

 each side of the crown, commencing above the eye ; back of the 

 neck dark blackish grey ; sides and fore-part of neck, chest, sides, 

 and flanks rich chestnut ; lower belly and vent dusky ; rest of under- 

 parts pui'e white ; primaries and outer secondary quill or quills ash- 

 brown, second and third often partially white, inner quills white, 

 sometimes marked with ash-brown towards the extremity. Iris 

 crimson, a narrow white line surrounding the pupil; eyelid grey; 

 naked skin from the eye to the corner of the mandible, the angle of 

 the gape, and the base of the lower mandible red ; bill black, light 

 bluish grey tinged with rose at the base of th« culmen ; tips of both 

 mandibles bluish grey ; metatarsi greyish black on the outer side, 

 light bluish grey on the inner side, with slight dusky markings at 

 the joints. Total length about 13-5 inches, culmen from feathers 

 on forehead 0-95-1-05, wing 5'65-5-9, tarsus 1-75, outer too and 

 claw 2-2. 



Adult in non-breeding plumage. General colour above including 

 the top of the head, middle of the nape, and back of the neck black, 

 the head with a slight greenish gloss ; the feathers of the back with 

 pale greyish-brown margins ; upper part of the fore-neck dusky, 

 shading into dark sooty-brown on the sides of the neck ; feathers 

 of the sides and flanks tipped with dark ash ; chin, throat, sides of 

 nape, and rest of the underparts pure white. Iris blood-red ; biU 

 dark horny, pinkish towards the base, paler at the tip ; tarsi and feet 

 pearly grey ; outer sides of the meta-tarsi, outer toe, and joints 

 blackish. 



A quite young bird resembles the adult in winter plumage, but 

 the back of the head and neck are dull sooty-brown, and on the 

 white cheeks and sides of the bead there are three rather wide and 

 partially interrupted streaks of dark sooty-brown. Culmen 0-8 inch, 

 wing 5-7. 



