1. PLAUTUS. 563 



1. Plautus impennis. 



G are-Fowl. 



Northern Penguin, Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. iii. pi. 147 (1750). 



Le Grand Pingoin, Biisson, Orn. vi. p. 85, pi. vii. (1760) ; UAubent. 

 PL Enl. X. pi. 55 [no. 367]. 



Alca impennis, Linn. S. N i. p. 210 (1766) ; Gmel. S. N. i. pt. ii. 

 p. 550 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 791 (1790); Temm. Man. 

 d'Orn. ed. 2, pt. ii. p. 9-39 (1820), pt. iv. p. 582 (1840) ; Mei/er, 

 Appendiv to Meyer Sf Wolf, Taschenb. der Deutschl. i. p. 176 

 (1822); Steph. in Skate's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 51 (1826); 

 Werner, Atl. Ois. d'Eur. p. 103 (1828); Schinz, Nat. Abbild. 

 Vdfj. p. 375, pi. 131 (1833) ; Nutt. Man. Orn. p. 553 (1834) ; 

 Thompson, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 79 [Waterford] ; Blyth, P. Z. S. 

 1837, p. 122 [remarks on the osteology] ; Gould, B. Eur. v. 

 pi. 400 (1837) ; Aud. Orn. Biogr. iv. p' 316. pi. cccxli. (1838) ; 

 Keys. u. Bias. Wirbelth. p. 236 (1840) ; Schinz, Eur op. Faun. 

 j. p. 363 (1840) ; Naum. Nat. Vbcj. Deutschl. xii. p. 630, pi. 337 

 (1844); G. R. Gray, List of B. 'pt. iii. p. 153 (1844); Aud. B. 

 Amer. vii. p. 245, pi. cccclxv. (1844) ; G. R. Gray, Gen. B. iii. 

 p. 637 (1847) ; Deyl. Orn. Europ. ii. p. 528 (1849) ; Reichenb. 

 Natatores, pi. v. figs. 14-17 (1850) ; Thomps. Nat. Hist. Irel. 

 iii. p. 238 (1851) ; Macgill. Brit. B. v. p. 359 (1852) ; Kjcerboll. 

 Damn. Fugle, p. 414, pL liii. lig. 2 (1852) ; Walters, N. Hist. B. 

 Irel. p. 230 (1853); Schinz, Nat. Vbg. p. 223, pi. 103 rl853) ; 

 Baird, B. N. A^ner. p. 900 (1858) ; Newton, Ibis, 1861, p. 374 

 [Iceland] ; id. P. Z. S. 1863, pp. 43-5-438 ; Fitz. Atl. Nat. Vdy. 

 tig. 346 (1864); More, Ibis, 1865, p. 450 [St. Kilda ; Orkney 

 Is.]; Neivtmi, Ibis, 1865, p. 116, 1866, p. 223; Schl. Mus. Pay's- 

 Bas, vi. Urinat. p. 13 (1867) ; Degl. Sf Gerbe, Orti. Europ. 

 ii. p. 614 (1867); Dubois, Arch. Cosmol. 1867, p. 30, pi. 3; 

 Brown, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 361 [Greenland?]; Cuues, P. Ac. 

 Philad. 1868, p. 15 ; Fatio, Bull. Soc. Orn. Stdsse, ii. pt. i. pp. 5- 

 85, pi. 1 (1868), pt. ii. pp. 147-157 (1870) ; Collett, Fork. Vid. 

 Selsk. Christ. 1868, p. 193; Brandt, Melang. Biol. vii. p. 203 

 (1869); FeiJden, Ibis, 1869, p. 358 [eggsl; Newton, Ibis, 1870, 

 p. 256 ; Fritsch, Nat. Vbg. Europa's, p. 490 (1870), Atl. pi. 59. 

 figs. 8, 9 (1871) ; R. Gray, B. W. Scotl. p. 441 (1,^71) ; Potts. Tr. 

 N. Zeal. Inst. iii. p. 109 (1871) ; Coues, Kei/ N. Amer. B. p. 339 

 (1872) ; Gould, B. Gt. Britain, v. pi. 46 (1873) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 

 1873, p. 34, fig. 1 [skull] ; Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. C. i. p. 58 

 (1876) ; Dresser, B. Europe, viii. p. 563, pi. 620 (1880) ; Cory, 

 Beaut. Birds, pt. ii. pi. v. (1881) ; Grieve, J. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 479 

 (1882) ; Bltisius, Jahresb. Ver. Nat. Braunschiccig, iii. p. 89 

 (1883) ; Collett, MT. Orn. Ver. Wien, viii. pp. 65, 87 (1884) ; 

 Co7tes, Kexi N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 819 (1884) ; Blasius, J. f. O. 

 1884, p. 58; Sundev. Svensk. Fogl. p. 994, pi. Ixxx. fig. 2 (1885) : 

 Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 371 (1885); Di.von, Ibis, 1885, 

 p. 90 [St. Kilda] ; Saunders, ed. Tarrell's Hist. Brit. B. iv. p. 61 

 (1885); Tschusi u. Dallu-Torre, Ornis, 1887, p. 342 [Austro- 

 Hungary] ; Grbndal, Ornis, 1887, p. 593 ; Lucas, Rep. U.S. Net. 

 Mus. 1887-8, p. 493, pis. Ixxi.-lxxiii. ; id. Rep. Nat. Mus. 

 Washington, 1888-89, p. 709; Saimders, III. Man. Brit. B. 

 p. 681 (1889) ; Lit ford. Col. Fiq. Brit. B. pt. xviii. (1891) ; Sclater, 

 Ibis, 1891, p. 281, 1892, p. 453. 



Great Auk, Pennant, Brit. Zool. ii. p. 507, pi. Ixx.^i. (1776) [St. 

 Kilda]; id. Arct. Zool. ii. p. 509 (1785); Lafk. Gen. Syn. iii. 

 pt. i. p. 311 (.1785); id. Gen. HU. x. p. 55 (1824); Steph. in 



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