564 kLCM. 



Shmvs Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 51, pi. iv. (1826) ; Selby, III. Brit. 



Orn. ii. pi. Ixxxii. (1834); Yarrell, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 369 



(1843); Grieve, " The Great Auk or Garcfuui" pp. 1-141, App. 



1-58, 4 pis., woodcuts (1885); Lucas, Auk, \. p. 278 (1888); 



Hardtj, Auk, v. p. 380 (1888). 

 Le Grand Pinf^ouin, Biiff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ix. p. 393 (1783). 

 Piuguinus impennis, Bonnat. Tail. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 29, pi. x. 



fig. 2 (1790). 

 Piugouhi impennis, Lacep. ^- Daiidin, in Buff. Hist. Nat. (18mo, 



Didot), Quadr. xiv. p. 313 (1799). 

 Alca borealis, Forst. Sijnapt. Cat. Brit. B. p. 29 (1817). 

 A lea major, Merrem [ex Brisson) in Ersch u. Ch-uber, Encycl. ii. 



p. 407 (1819). 

 Auk, Mont. Orn. Diet. 2nd ed. p. 12 (1831). 

 Plautus impennis, Steenstruj), Nattirh. For en. Vidensk. Meddel. 



pp. 33-116 (1855) ; Preyer, J. f. O. 1862, pp. 110, 337 ; Baird, 



Brew. Sf liidrjw. Water-B. N. Amer. ii. p. 467 (1884) ; A. 0. U. 



Check-l. p. 84 (1886); Ridgw. Man. N. Am. B. p, 19(1887); 



Sharpe, Handb. B. Gr. Brit. iv. p. Ill, pi. cv. (1897). 

 Clienalopex impennis, G. R. Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 95 (1871). 



Adult in hreeding-phimage. Head, neck, and upper parts black, 

 with a greyish gloss shading into deep sooty-brown on the sides of 

 the head, chin, throat, and fore-neck ; a large oval patch in front of 

 the eye, the tips of the secondaries, and the rest of the under- 

 parts pure white ; the white extending upwards and terminating 

 in a point in the middle of the fore-neck ; under surface of the 

 wings smoky-grey ; quills and tail black, the latter composed of 14 

 feathers. " Iris hazel ; bill black, with the grooves between the 

 transverse ridges white ; feet and claws black " {J. J. Audubon). 

 Total length about 30 inches, culmen from feathers on forehead to 

 tip 3-3-3-5, from gape to tip 4-35-4-4, greatest depth of both 

 mandibles at base 1-5-1-65, wing 5-9-6-4, tail 3-1, tarsus 1-9-2-2, 

 middle toe and claw 3-15-3'45. 



Ad%dt in non-hreediwi plumage. Appears to have the chin, throat, 

 and sides of the occiput white ; a dusky band commencing behind 

 the eye and bordering the sides of the throat ; otherwise the plumage 

 resembles the above, the white patch in front of the eye being 

 present. 



Ilab. The same as that of the genus. 



a. Ad. St. Labrador, summer. Lidth de Jeude Coll. 



b. <S ad. St.* Papa Westra, Orkney Is., Bullock Coll. 



summer, 1812. 

 c Ad skeleton. Funk I., Newfoundland. J. Matthew Jones, 



Esq. [P.]. 

 d. Bones (various). Newfoundland. Purchased. 



2. ALCA. „ 



Type. 



Alca, Linn. S. N. i. p. 210 (1766) A. torda. 



Pingouin, Lacejy. in Buff. Hist. Nat. (18mo, Didot), Qitadr. 



xiv. p. 313 (1799) A. torda. 



Utamania, Leach, Syst. Cat. p. 42 (1816) A. torda. 



* Cf. Maogillivi-ay, Brit. B. v. p. 361 (1852). 



