2. ALCA, 5G5 



Mandibles greatly compressed and transversely grooved, the out- 

 line of the culmcn strongly curved downward and following the 

 segment of a circle. luter-ramal feathering extending to a 

 vertical line drawn from the anterior border of the nasal opening, 

 which is linear and almost entirely concealed by dense feathering 

 extending to the anterior border. Tail composed of 19, feathers. 

 Metatarsus shorter than the middle toe and claw. Size moderate. 



Rcuuje. Coasts of the North Atlantic, ranging south in winter to 

 southern New England in America and the Mediterranean, and 

 occasionally as far south as the Canary Islands. 



1. Alca torda. 



Le Pingoin, Brisson, Orn. vi. p. 89, pi. viii. fig. 1 (17G0) ; D'Aubent. 

 PL Enl. X. pis. 53, 54 [nos. 1003, 1004]. 



Le petit Pingoin, Brisson, Orn. vi. p. 9::, pi. viii. fig. 2 (1700). 



Kazor-bill, Edivards, Glean. N. Hist. pt. iii. pi. 358. tig. '2 (1761) ; 

 Pemmnt, Brit. Zool. ii. p. 509, pi. Ixxxii. fig. 2 (1776); id. Arct. 

 Zool. ii. p. 509 (1785) ; Lath. Gen. Si/n. iii. pt. i. p. 309 (1785) ; 

 Mont. Orn. Diet. 2nd ed. p. 401 (1831) ; Selby, III. Brit. Orn. ii. 

 pi. Ixxxiii. (1834) ; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 366 (1843). 



Alca unisulcata, Brilnn. Orn. Bor. p. 25 (1764). 



Alca balthica, Brilnn. Orn. Bor. p. 25 (1764) ; Brehm, Handh. Viiij. 

 BeutsM. p. 1002 (1831). 



Alca torda, Linn. S. N. i. p. 210 (176G) ; Gmel. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 551 

 (1788) ; Latk. Ind. Or?i. li. p. 793 (1790) ; MeijerSf Wolf, Taschmb. 

 de)- Deutschl. p. 439, pi. (1810) ; Pallas, Zooc/r. Rosso-As.u. p. 360 

 (1811); Tenun. Man. d'Orn. p. 616 (1815), id. Man. d'Orn. 

 2nd ed. pt. ii. p. 936 (1820), pt. iv. p. 581 (1840) ; Werner, At I. 

 Ois. d'Eiir. pi. 102 (1828) ; Meneville, Icon. Bee/. Ani7n.,0is.\^].CA. 

 fiff. 2 (1829-38) ; Less. Traite d'Orn. p. 642, pi. 119. fig. 1 (1831) ; 

 Brehm, Handb. Voq. Deutschl. p. 1003 (1881); Schinz, Nat. 

 Abbild. Voff. J). 374, pi. 130(1833) ; Nutt.Man.Orn. p. 547 (1834); 

 And. Orn'. Biogr.m.^. 112 (1835), v. p. 628, pi. ccxiv. (1839); 

 Niks. Skand. Faun. ii. p. 520 (1835); Gould, B. Eur. v. pi. 401 

 (1837) ; Keys. u. Bias. Wirbelth. p. 236 (1840) ; Schinz, Eur op. 

 Faun. i. p. 363 (1840); Naum. Nat. Toy. Deidschl. xii. p. 6(16, 

 pi. 336 (1844) ; Aud. B. Amer. vii. p. 247, pi. cccclxvi. (1844): 

 G. E. Grai/, Gen. B. iii. p. 637 (1847) ; I)e(/l. Orn. Eump. ii. 

 p. 525 (1849); Reichenb. Natatores, pi. v. tigs. 18-22 (1850); 

 Thomps. Nat. Hid. Irel. iii. p. 235 (1851) ; Kjcerboll. Danm. 

 Fuqle, p. 413, pi. liii. fig. i. (1852) ; Walters, N. Tlist. B. Irel. 

 p. 231 (1853) ; Schinz, Nat. Voff. p. 223, pi. 102 (1853) ; Baird, 

 B. N. Amer. p. 901 (1858) ; Jaubert et Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 410 

 (1859) ; More, Ibis, 1865, p. 451 [Great Britain] ; Gould, B. Gt. 

 Brit. V. pi. 47 (1866) ; De(jL &>■ Gerbe, Orn. Europ. ii. p. 612 

 (1867); 8chl. Mus. Pai/s-Bas,xi. Urinat. p. 13 (1867); Collett, 

 Fork. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1868, p. 193 ; Brandt, Melnng. Biol. vii. 

 p. 204 (1869) ; Turnb. B. E. Pennsylvania, p. 50 (1869) ; Ilartirtg, 

 P. Z. S. 1871, p. 120 [N.E. coast of America] ; Wrif/ht, Ibis, 1S74, 

 p. 230 [Malta]; Irbi/, Orn. Gibraltar, p. 218 (1875); Palm6n, 

 J. f. O. 1876, p. 65 [Finland] ; Dresser, B. Europe, viii. p. 557, 

 pi. 619 (1877); Bau, etc. J. f. O. 1877, p. 342 [Germany^; 

 Barrows, P. Bost. Soc. xix. p. 161 (1877) ; Maynard, B. E. N. 



