616 ALCiB. 



1. Fratercula arctica. 



Le Macareux, Brisson, Orn. vi. p. 81, pi. vi. fig. 2 (1760) ; B'Aubent. 

 PL Enl. X. pi. 51 [no. 275] ; Buf. Hist. Nat. Ois. ix. p. 358 



(1783). 

 Puffin, Ediuards, Glean. N. Hist. pt. iii. pi. 358. fig. 1 (1761) ; Pen- 

 nant, Brit. Zool. ii. p. 512 (1776) ; id. Arct. Zool. ii. p. 511 (1785) ; 



Yarre/l, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 362 (1843). 

 Alca deleta, Briinn. Orn. Bor. p. 25 (1764). 

 Alca arctica, Linn. S. N. i. p. 211 (1766) ; Ginel. S. N. i. pt. ii. 



p. 549 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 792 (1790) ; Bonnat. Tail. 



Encycl. Meth. i. p. 31, pi. x. fig. 3 (1790) ; G. R. Graij, Hand-l. 



B. iii. p. 96 (1871) ; Besnard, Bull. Soc Z. Fr. i. p. 88 (1876). 

 Labrador Auk, Pennant, Arct. Zool. ii. p. 512 (1786) ; Lath. Gen. 



Syn. iii. pt. i. p. 318 (1785) ; id. Gen. Hist. x. p. 62 (1824). 

 Puffin Auk, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. pt. i. p. 314 (1785); id. Gen. Hist. 



X. p. .58 (1824). 

 Alca labradorica, Ginel. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 550 (1788) ; Bonnat. Tabl. 



Encycl. Meth. i. p. 33 (1790). 

 Alca labradora, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 793 (1790). 

 Alca canogularis, Meyer ^- Wolf, Taschenb. der Deutschl. p. 442 



(1810). 

 Mormon fratercula, Temrn. Man. d'Orn. p. 614 (181.5); id. Man. 



d'Orn. ed. 2, pt. ii. p. 933 (1820), pt. iv. p. .580 (1840) ; Meyer, 



Appendix to Meyer i^- Wolf, Taschenb. der Bexdschl. p. 177 (1822) ; 



Schinz, Nat. Abbild. Vog. p. 372, pi. 130 (1833) ; Gould, B. Eur. 



V. pi. 403 (1837) ; Schinz, Europ. Faun. i. p. 362 (1840) ; Kjcer- 



boll. Banm. Fvyle, p. 412, pi. liii. fig. 3 (1852) ; Liitken, Ornis, 



1885, p. 142, 1886, p. 97 [Denmark]; Tschusi u. Homey er, Ornis, 



1886, p. 174 [local names] ; Grondal, Ornis, 1886, pp. 367, 613 

 [Iceland], 1887, pp. 600, 602, 606; Koenig, J.f. O. 1^93, p. 105 

 [Tunis]. 



Fratercula arctica, Leach, Syst. Cat. p. 42 (1816) ; Staph, in Shaw's 

 Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 37, pi. iv. fig. 1 (1826) ; G. R. Gray, 

 List of B. pt. iii. p. 152 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 637 (1847) ; 

 Degl. Orn. Evrop. ii. p. 521 (1849) ; Reichenb. Natatores, pi. v. 

 figs. 23-25 (1850); Thomps. Nat. Ilist. Irel. iii. p. 221 (1851); 



Waiters, N. Hist. B. Irel. p. 233 (1853) ; Wright, Ibis, 1864, 

 p. 157 [Malta] ; More, Ibis, 1865, p. 451 [Great Britain] ; Gould, 

 B. Gt. Britain, v. pi. 51 (1865) ; Di'gl. l<c Gerbe, Orn. Europ. ii. 

 p. 608 (1867) ; Coues, P. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 21 ; Collett, Forh. 



Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1868, p. 192; Turnb. B. E. Pennsylvania, 

 p. 50 (1869); R. Gray, B. W. Scotl. p. 433 (1871) ; Coues, Key 



N. Am. B. p. 340 (1872) ; Irby, Orn. Gibraltar, p. 218 (1875) ; 

 Barrows, P. Bost. Soc. xix. p. 153 (1877) ; Dresser, B. Europe, 



viii. p. 599, pi. 625 (1877) ; Bureau, Brdl. Soc. Z. Fr. ii. p. 377, 



pi. iv. (1877) [shedding of ornaments of bill] ; Coues, Bull. Nutt. 



Orn. C. iii. p. 87 (1878) ; Kumlien, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xv. 



p. 103 (1879) ; Bureau, Btdl. Soc. Z. Fr. iv. p. 8, pi. 1 (1879) ; 



Gigl. Ibis, 1881, p. 220 [Italy] ; Meiriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. C. 



vii. p. 241 (1882) [Canada] ; Irby, Ibis, 1883, p. 190 [Santander] ; 



Stearns Sf Coues, N. Engl. B.-life, ii. p. 394 (1883) ; Baird, 



Breio. 4" Ridgiv. Water-B. N. Amer. ii. p. 524 (1884) ; Coues, 



Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 802 (1884) ; Seebohn, Hist. Brit. B. 



iii. p. 364 (1885) ; Dixon, Ibis, 1885, pp. 91, 361 [St. Kilda] ; 



