398 peeisteeib^;. 



1861, p. 266 (Gaboon !) ; Rch?ib. Tauben, i. p. 69, t. 246. ff. 1356- 

 1358, ii. p. 173 (1862) ; Homey. J. f. O. 1862, p. 418 (Baleares) ; 

 Hartm. J.f 0. 1863, pp. 303, 308, 315; Tristr. P. Z. S. 1864, 

 p. 448 (Palestine) ; Allen, Ibis, 1864, p. 239 (Egypt) ; Schleg. Be 

 Dierent. p. 206 (1864) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1865, p. 77 ; 'More, Ibis, 1865, 

 p. 142 ; Beit. Ucc. Lomb. t. 34 (1867) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1868, p. 210 

 (Palestine) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 238, n. 9311 (1870) ; 

 Shell, Ibis, 1871, p. 142 ; Gum. Ibis, 1871, pp. 295, 300 (Algeria) ; 

 Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 839 (1871) ; Finsch, J.f. O. 1872, 

 p. 82 (N. Zealand, introduced) ; Salvad. Fauna cCItal., Ucc. p. 180 

 (1872) ; Tayl. Ibis, 1872, p. 230 (Crimea) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. 

 ii. App. p. clxix (1875) ; Shell. Birds of Egypt, p. 214, pi. 10. f. 1 

 (1872) ; Gould, B. Gr. Brit. iv. pi. 4 (1873) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 

 Columbse, p. 116 (1873) ; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, p. 16 

 (1873); Antin. $ Salvad. Viagq. Bogos, p. 130 (1873); Hume, 

 Lahore to Yark. p. 278 (1873)' (Yarkand) ; Brooke, Ibis, 1873, 

 p. 335 ; Cord. Ibis, 1875, p. 184 (Heligoland) ; Whart. Ibis, 1876, 

 p. 26 (Corsica) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 270 (1876) (Persia) ; 

 Schal. J. f. O. 1876, p. 186 ; Scully, Sir. Feath. iv. p. 177 (1876) ; 

 Forbes, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 306 ; Danf. Pbis, 1878, p. 26 (Asia 

 Minor) ; Tayl. Ibis, 1878, p. 369 ; Bid'd. Ibis, 1881, p. 92 (Gilgit) ; 

 Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 595 (Gilgit) ; ? C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 117 

 (Que'tta); Bidd. Ibis, 1882, p. 268; Dixon, Ibis, 1882, p. 577 

 (Constantine) ; Seebh. Ibis, 1883, p. 25 (Caucasus) ; Severtz. Ibis, 

 1883, p. 71 (Pamir range) ; Homey, fy Tancre, MT. orn, Ver. 

 Wien, 1883, p. 91 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 61 (1885) ; Wright, 

 P. Z. S. 1886, p. 81 (albino); Sharpe, Pbis, 1886, p. 489 (Fao); 

 Scully, J. A. S. B. lvi. p. 86 (1887) ; Guillem. Ibis, 1888, p. 113 

 (Cyprus) ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc, (2) Zool. v. p. 84 (1889) ; Hein. 

 $ Rchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 277 (1890) ; Sharpe, Sc. 

 Res. Sec. Yark. Miss., Aves, p. 118 (1891) ; Rend. Ibis, 1892, 

 p. 227 (Gambia). 



Columba afra, Webb ty Berth, (nee Linn.) Orn. Can. p. 28 (1841); 

 Bolle, J.f. O. 1855, p. 173; Godm. Ibis, 1872, p. 218 (F); Reid, 

 Ibis, 1887, p. 428. 



Turtur sylvestris, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852). 



Turtur glauconotus, C. L. Brehm, Vogelf. p. 257 (1855) ; id. Naturg. 

 u. Zucht d. T. p. 50 (1857). 



Turtur risorius (errore), E. Newt. Ibis, 1859, p. 462 ; Wright, Ibis, 

 1864, p. 139. 



Turtur cyanotos, Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 173 (1862). 



Turtur tenera, Giyl. Avif. Ital. n. 321 (1886). 



Turtur turtur, Sharpe,' Ibis, 1891, p. Ill (Fao) ; Hartert, Eat. 

 Vogelsmml. p. 187 (1891). 



T. turtur x T. risorius. 

 Turtur bybridus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 97 (1760). 

 Columba turtur y, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 608 (1790). 



Adult male. Crown, nape, and hind neck bluish ash ; on each 

 6ide of the neck a black patch, each feather with ashy-white 

 edges ; back pale brown ; lower back, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts brown, more or less ashy ; chin nearly white ; throat and 

 breast vinous, changing into white on the belly, vent, and under 

 tail-coverts; flanks and under wing-coverts bluish grey ; scapulars 

 and innermost wing-coverts cinnamon-brown with dark centres ; 



