18 PTEKOCLID^. 



coverts white, narrowly barred with 



black, and with buft'tips licJitenstemi J, p. 29. 



/". Throat not spotted with black ; chest 

 above zone uniform. 

 i'". Zone of two bars, white and black, bicinctus cS , p. 30. 

 k'". Zone of three bars, chestnut, 

 white or buff, and black. 

 a*. Each wing-covert with one or 

 two separate deep black bars 

 narrowly edged with white on 



each side quadricinctus S , p. 32. 



b*. Each wing-covert with a white 

 and a grey subterminal band, 

 sometimes with four alternate 

 white and grey subterminal 



bands fusciatus (S > P- 27. 



h' . No pectoral zone. 



g". Upper breast barred with black. 

 /'". Tarsus pure white ; throat thickly 

 spotted with black to the chin ; 

 black bars on the wing-coverts 



and chest narrow and regular. . . lichfensteini J , p. 29. 

 m'". Tarsus barred with brownish 

 black ; throat spotted to the chin, 

 especially on the sides ; black 

 bars of the wing-coverts and 



chest wavy and in-egular bichictus $ , p. 30. 



n'". Tarsus tjarred with blackish 

 brown ; only a few spots at the 

 base of the throat; bars on the 

 wing-coverts and chest narrow 



and regular fasctatus $ , p. 27. 



h" . Upper breast uniform buff, con- 

 trasting with the barred white and 

 black belly ; tarsus barred with 

 black ; throat immaculate quadricinctus J , p. 32. 



1. Pterocles arenarius. 



Sand Grous, Zath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 751 (1783) ; id. Gen. Hist. viii. 

 p. 254 (1823). 



Tetrao orientalis, Hasselq. Reise Palast. p. 3.30 (1762). 



Tetrao arenarius, Pallas, Nov. Com. Petrop. xix. p. 418, pi. viii. (1775) ; 

 Gm. S. N. i. p. 755 (1788); £o7i7i. Tabl. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 200, 

 pi. 92. fig. 4 (1791); Pallas, Zooqr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 73 (nee 

 pi.) (1811) [Deserts N. of the Caspian]. 



(Enas arenaria, Vieill. N. Diet, d' Hist. Nat. xii. p. 423 (1817). 



Pterocles arenarius, Temin. Man. d'Orn. p. 300 (1815) ; Steph. 

 Shaw's Gen. Zool. xi. p. 305 (1819) ; Tenun. Man. d'Orn. p. 476 

 (1820) ; Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 64 (1823) ; Temm. PI. Col. v 

 pis. 21, 22, nos. 52, 53 (1823) ; Wagler, Syst. Ar. p. 279 (1827) ; 

 Wern. Atl. Orn. d'Eur. ord. 10, pi. 13 (1828) ; Griffith's ed. Cuv 

 iii. p. 259, pi. (1829) ; Brehm, Handb. Vby. Deutschl. p. 498 (1831) 

 Naum. Nat. Vog. Deutschl. vi. p. 258, pf. 153 (1833) ; Jard. Nat 

 Lib., Orn. iv. p. 184, pis. xxiv.-v. (1834) ; Gould, B. Europe, iv 

 p. 257, pi. (1837) ; Dimid. Vog. Puss. Merid. iii. p. 222 (1840) ; 

 Webb ^ Berthelot, Orn. Canarienne, p. 28 (1841); Hodgson, Icon. 



