38 TETRAONID^. 



Tetrao lagopu8, var. y, Gm. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 750 (1788). 



Tetrao saliceti, Tewm. Piff. et Gall. iii. pp. 208. 709 (1815) [part.] ; 



id. Man. d'Oni. ii. p. 471 (1820). 

 Lagopus scoticus, Leach, St/st. Cat. p. 27 (1816) ; Vteill. N. Diet. 



d'Hist. Nat. xviii. p. 206 (1817) ; fiteph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xi. 



p. 293, pi. 20 (1819) ; Vieill. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 62, pi. 221 (1825) ; 



Jard. Nat. Lib., Oni. iv. p. 145, pi. xviii. (18.34) ; Gould, B. Evr. 



iv. pi. 252 (1837) : Macgill. Brit. B. i. p. 169 (1837) ; G-'my, List 



of B. pt. iii. Gall. p. 47 (1844) ; Waiters, N. Hist. B. L-el. p. 126 



("1853) ; Elliot, Man. Tetr. pi. xix. (1865) ; More, Ibis, I860, p. 427 ; 



Grai/, List Gallince Brit. Mus. p. 91 (1867) ; Beffl. S,- Gerbe, Orn. 



Europ. ii. p. 35 (1867); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 277 (1870); 



Fritsch, Vog. Europ. p. 279 (1870), pi. 30. fig. 5 (1871) : R. Gray, 



B. West Scotl. p. 232 (1871); Dress. B. Eur. v. p. 165, pi. 479 



(1873); Gould, B. Gt. Brit. iv. pi. vii. (1873); Booth, Rough 



Notes, ii. pi. and text (1881-7); Buckl. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 112; 



Saund. ed. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 73 (1884) ; Olphe-Gall. Faun. 



Orn. Eur. Occ. fasc. 37-40, p. 50 ( 1886) ; Bell, Zuol. 1887, p. 265 ; 



Saund. III. Mail. Brit. B. p. 481 (1889) ; Lilfurd, Col. Fig. B. Brit. 



pt. xviii. (1891) ; Millais, Game B. pp. 43-62, pis. & woodcuts 



(1892). 

 Oreias scoticus, Kaup, Nat. Syst. p. 177 (1829). 

 Grouse, Selby, Brit. Orn. i. pt. ii. pi. 59. fig. 1 (1833). 

 Tetrao saliceti scoticus, ScM. Rev. Crit. p. 76 (1844). 

 Lagopus persicus. Gray, Gen. B. iii. p. 517, pi. 133 (1845) ; id. List 



of B. pt. iii. Gall. p. 48 (1844); Elliot, Man. Tetr. pl.xx. (1865). 

 Tetrao lagopus, Baton, Scot. Nat. i. p. 113 (1871-2) [Perthshire]. 



Before attempting to give any description of this species, which is 

 subject to great variation, we must state that in the male three ex- 

 treme types of plumage are recognizable — a red form, a hlncl- form, and 

 a white-spotted form. The first of these, in which the general colour 

 is red without any white spots, is mostly found in the low grounds 

 of Ireland, the Outer Hebrides, and west of Scotland ; of the second 

 or black form typical specimens are rarely met with .and it is usually 

 found mixed with either the red or white-spotted forms, but most 

 often with both, and specimens in mixed plumage are those most 

 commonly met with ; the third or white-spotted form is spotted all 

 over the breast and belly, and sometimes on the head and upper 

 parts, with white ; the most typical specimens of this form are 

 usually found in the high ground of the north of Scotland. 



In the female five distinct types are recognizable — the red, the 

 black, the white-spotted , the huff-spotted, and the buff-barred forms. 

 The first two are the rarest : the ivhite-sjwtted form occurs as in 

 the male ; the huff-spotted form, which is the commonest and that 

 usually met with, has the feathers of the upper parts spotted at the 

 tip with yellowish buif. The fifth or huff-barred form, which is 

 met with towards the south of Ireland, closely resembles in udnter 

 the ordinary female in breeding-plumage, and has the upper parts 

 rather coarsely barred with buff, rufous-buff", and black, and the belly 

 yellowish buff coarsely barred with black and tipped with white. 



Bearing in mind the above remarks, the changes in plumage in 

 the ordinary forms may be briefly described as follows : — 



Adult male (wilder and summ,er plumages). General colour above 



