2. LTBtrRirs. 55 



B. p. 479 (1889) ; Mat. Ibis, 1889, p.I261 [Newfoundland, introd.l ; 



Schal. J. f. 0. 1890, p. IG ; Sawid. Ibis, 1891, p. 186 [Switzerland] : 



Altum, J.f. O. 1891, p. 101, woodcut; Hartert, Ibis, 1892, p. 511 



[E. Prussia] ; Millais, Game B. pp. 21-42, pis. & woodcuts (1892). 

 Coq de Bruvere a queue fourchue, UAubent. PL Enl. pis. [nos. 172, 



173] ; Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 2oo (1772). 

 Nemesian Grous, Lath. Gen. Sijn. ii. pt. ii. p. 735 (1783) ; id. Gen. 



Hist. B. viii. p. 244 (1823). 

 ? Tetrao nemesianus, Gm. S. N. i. pt. ii. p. 748 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. 



Om. ii. p. 637 (1790). 

 Black Grouse, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. ii. p. 733 (1783), Suppl. i. p. 213 



(1787); Pe«w.^/-c^Zoo/.ii. p. 314(1785); Lath. Gen. Hist. B.rai. 



p. 228 (1823) ; Selb. Brit. Orn. i. pt. ii. pis. 58,59 (1833); YarreU, 



Brit. B. ii. p. 304, fig. (1843). 

 Urogallus tetrix, Kaup, Nat. Syst. p. 180 (1829). 

 Lyrurus tetrix, Sjvaitis. ^- Rich. Faun. Bor.-Amer. ii. p. 497 (1831) ; 



Jard. Nat. Lib., Orn. iv. p. 153, pis. xxi., xxii. (1834) ; Gray, List 



of B. pt. iii. Gall. p. 47 (1844) ; Elliot, P. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 23 



td. Mon. Tetr. pi. xii. (1805); Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. i. 



p. 242 (1876) ; Stejn. Am. Nat. 1884, p. 774 ; Gigl. Av. Ital. p. 344 



(1886); Olphe-Gall. Faun. Orn. Eur. Occ. fasc. 37-40, p. 30 



(1886) ; Giyl. Av. Ital. i. p. 533 (1889), ii. p. 654 (1890), iii. p. 513 



(1891). 

 Tetrao iuniperorum, Brehm, Handb. Voyel Deutschl. p. 509 (1831); 



id. Voyelf. p. 261 (1855). 

 Tetrao ericaeus, Brehm, Handb. Voyel Deutschl. p. 511 (1831 ) ; id, 



Voyelf. p. 261 (1855). 

 Lyurus derbianus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 132. 

 Tetrao peregrinus, Brehm, Nauman. 1855, p. 287. 

 Tetrao tetrix, subsp. viridanus, Lorenz,J.f. O. 1891, p. 366*. 



Adult male. General colour black ; the feathers of the head, neck, 

 lower back, and rump widely, and of the mantle narrowly margined 

 with purplish steel-blue ; the outer webs of the outer primaries pale 

 brown, more or loss mottled with white, the basal part of the four 

 inmost primaries and of the secondaries pure white, the inner second- 

 aries also narrowly margined at the extremity with the same 

 colour ; except in very old examples there are usually traces of 

 rufous mottlings on the outer secondaries ; axillaries, under wing- 

 coverts, and under tail-coverts pure white, though in some specimens 

 the latter have a black spot at the extremity ; thighs and vent more 

 or less mixed with white ; naked skin and wattle above the eye 

 scarlet ; bill black ; feet horny brown. Total length 23-5 inches, 

 wing 10-3, tail S"8, tarsus 1-9. 



In summer, while the males are moulting and present a some- 

 what miserable appearance without their tails, the black feathers on 

 the back and sides of the head and nape are replaced by browuish- 

 buif and black feathers barred like those of the female. 



Immature males have much less blue gloss on the plumage : many 

 of the feathers of the head and neck are narrowly fringed with 

 rufous, and the wing-coverts, scapulars, and secondaries are more or 

 less thickly vermiculated with the same colour ; the primaries are 

 more or less mottled at the rip and the outer primary is more 



* I have examined typical examples of this supposed subspecies. 



