3. TETEAO. 63 



and secondary coverts and secondaries the same, but the buff bars 

 are broken up into irregular markings ; the lai-ger coverts, scapulars, 

 and secondaries are tipped with white ; primaries and primary- 

 coverts dark brown, mottled with pale rufous on the outer web ; 

 chin, throat, and fore part of neck rufous buff, shading into darker 

 rust-colour on the chest ; breast, belly, sides, flanks, and under 

 tail-coverts rufous buff, with a subterminal black bar and white tip 

 to each feather ; the under tail-coverts do not extend nearh/ to the 

 end of the middle tail-feathers ; tarsi dirty white, mottled with black. 

 Tail chestnut, barred with black and tii)pcd with white. Axillaries 

 and the inner wing-coverts white, barred and marked with black 

 and buff, outer coverts barred with black and buff and tipped with 

 white. Bill brownish horn, paler at the tip and along the cutting- 

 edges ; feet greyish brown. Total length 25 inches, wing 1 1*7, 

 tail 7*3, tarsus 2"1. 



In some adult females the white ends to the feathers of the upper 

 and under parts are almost or entirely absent. In these examples the 

 whole breast and belly are rufous buff, the black subtermiual bars 

 are less marked, and only a few feathers down the middle of the 

 belly and on the flanks are white-tipped. These differences are 

 apparently due neither to age nor season, but represent a distinct 

 " rufous phase " of coloration. 



It is by no means rare for barren females to assume more or 

 less the plumage of tho male. 



Hab. Europe, N. and Central Asia ; ranging through the pine- 

 forests westwards to Scotland, eastwards as far as Lake Baikal, 

 and southwards to the Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, N.E. Turkestan, 

 and Altai Mountains. 



a. c? ad. sk. Scotland. Hume Coll. 



b. (5 ad. sk. Scotland. Piu'chased. 



c. $ ad. sk. Scotland. Montagu Coll. 



d. 2 ad. St. Perthshire. Lt.-Col. L. II. Irbv 



e. f. S ad. et Killin, Perthshire, Dec. Marquis of Breadal- 

 imm. sk. bane [P.]. 



a, h. cJ $ ad. st. Ballinluig, Perthshire, March. Baron A. von Hiigel 



i-r. cf 2 ad. et Buchanty, Perthshire, Nov. C. H. Drummond 



pull. St. Moray, Esq. [P.]. 



s. $ ad. sk. Tillicoultry, Clackmannan, Major II. G.Wardlaw 



Dec. Kamsay [P.]. 



t. $ ad. sk. Dumblane, Stirlingshire, Oct. W. R. Ogilvie Grant, 



Esq. [P. . 



u. $ juv. St. Norway. Gould Coll. 



t>, w. Juv. sk. Norway. Purchased. 



x-h'. S ad., juv., Norway, April, Jime, July. Prof. Collett [P.]. 

 pull. sk. et $ 

 ad. St. 



c'. • 2 ad. sk. Norway, Oct. Prof. Collett [P.]. 



* Female assuming male plumage. 



