10. BUNAS A. 87 



liouiisa ]i)h:<n, Jai/ro.r, C'or?iell £ra, Dec. 8, 1871, & Jiiu. 10, 1872; 



Idis, \h7-2, ])]). liil, 4:?9. 

 Boiiasa uiiibiiliis, var. umbellus, Baird, Brew., ^ Ridgw. N. Am. B. 



iii. p. 448 {1S74). 

 ISoiiasa uinbellus, var. sabini, Baird, Breiv., ^- Ridgw. iii. p. 454 (1874). 

 Boiiasa iiinbt'llus unibelloidos, Mearns, Bull. Nntt. Orn. C. iv. p. 197 



(]S7!)) [Ft. Klamath]; Willium>^, Bull. Nutt. Orn. C. vii. p. 63 



(1882) [Montana] ; Svton, Auk, ii. p. 270 (1885), iii. p. 153 (1886) 



[Manitoba] ; Turner, Contr. N. II. Alaska, p. 152 (1886) [Yukon 



Valley] ; A. O. U. Check-l. p. 172 (1880) ; Ridyw. Man. p. 198 



(1887) ; Thompson, P. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. p. 509 (1891) [\V. & 



S. Manitoba]. 

 Bonasa unibella, Men: Bull. Nntt. Orn.C. vii. p. 238 (1882) [Canada] ; 



Cones, Key, p. 585 (1884). 

 Bonasa umbellus sabini, Breicst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. C. V\\. pp. 227, 232 



(1882) [Washington Terr.] ; Anth. Auk, iii. p. 164 (1886) [Oregon] ; 



A. O. !'. Vlu'ck-l. p. 173 (1886) ; Townseml, P. U.S. Nut. Mus. 



X. pp. 200, 235 (1887) [N. California] ; Ridgw. Man. p. 198 (1887) ; 



Merrill, Auk, v. p. 145 (1888) [Oregon]. 

 Bonasa uinbella umbelloides, Coues, Key, p. 585 (1884) ; Dreio, Auk, 



ii. p. 17 (1885) [Colorado]. 

 Bonasa umbellus togata, Ridyio. P. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 355 



(1885); A. O. U. Check-l. p. 172 (1880); Rid>pi\ Man. p. 198 



(1887); Dwiyht, Auk, iv. p. 10 (1887) [Cape Breton Is.]; Britt. 



^ Co.v, Auk, vi. p. 117 (1889) [N. Brunswick]; Thompson, P. U.S. 



Nat. Mus. xiii. p. 508 (1891) [E. Manitoba].* 



Adult male. General colour above rufous or grcj', but every 

 intermediate stage of coloration between the two can be found ; top 

 of the head barred with black ; feathers of the short crest mostly 

 black, those of the mantle mostly tipped and mixed with buff and 

 barred and marked with black ; the frilled rutilcs on the sides of the 

 neck black more or less glossed with green at the tips, in some 

 specimens, however, they vary to dull chestnut ; feathers of the 

 interscapular region, lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 finely vermiculatcd with black, and with pale buff, subtcrminal, 

 heart-shaped or oval spots irregularly edged with black ; wing- 

 coverts and scapulars somewhat similar, but the buff markings 

 take the form of a mesial streak and the latter usually have the 

 inner web blotched with black ; (]uills brown, the outer webs of 

 the middle primaries mostly buff barred with brown ; the secondaries 

 narrowly margined with dirty white and more or less mottled with 

 rufous or sandy along the margin of the outer web ; ear-coverts 

 elongate, with whitish shafts and tips ; chin and throat and a small 

 patch before and behind the eye bufl', most of the feathers on the 



* This species is subject to great cliiriatic variation and. as is the case with 

 many other birds, siidi as Turtiix taiqour, lias two well-niHrked phases of 

 plumage, a grey and a rufous. These phases intergrade and every intermediate 

 shade between the two c«n he found. The various varieties liave been catalogued 

 vmder no less than four different names, eitlier as species or subspecies, by the 

 latest American authors ; but as all these varieties are to be found among a 

 series of specimens from New York alone and are therefore not even dependent 

 on locality, we consider it needless to employ more than one name for all, 

 especially as the lour recognized forms grade imperceptibly into one another. 



