11. TETRASTKS. 91 



Tetiao canus, Simrrm. Mus. Carls, fasc. i. pi. 10 (1784) [albino] ; 



Gm. S. A. i. pt. ii. p. 753 (1788) ; Lath. hid. Om. ii. p. 640 



(1790). 

 llelsingian Grous, LatJi. Gen. 8yn. Si/ppl. i. p. 217 (1787) ; id. Gen. 



Ukt. B. viii. p. 244 (1823). 

 IJonasia sylvestris, JBnhm, I'm/. Deidschl. p. 514 (1831); Bonap. 



Hev. Om. Eur. p. 174 (1850) ; Jauh. ^- Lapumm. Rich. Om. 



p. 430 (1859); BlakUt. Ibis, 1862, pp. 324, 329 [N. Japan J ; 



Whiti'hj, Ibis, 1867, p. 204 [HakodadiJ ; Fritsch,Nat. Vog. JEurop. 



p. 280 (1870), pi. 31. figs. 1 & 2 (1871). 

 Bonasia rupestris, Brehm, Handb. Vo//. DeutscJil. p. 513 (1831). 

 Jidnasia euioptea, Gould, B. Eur. iv. pi. 251 (1837). 

 Totrastes bouasia, Keys, e^- Bias. Wirbelth. p. 200 (1840) ; Brandt in 



Ilofmaun, N. Ural Exp. ii. App. p. 69 (1856) ; Colk-tt, Vid. Selsk. 



Fork. Christ. 1869, p. 158; Sirink. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 400 [N. 



Chelee] ; Alst. ^- Brotm, Ibi.^, 1873, p. 66 [Archangel] ; Seebohm ^• 



Bromi, Ibis, 1876, p. 22l [Lower Petchora] ; Collin, Skand. Fugle, 



p. 416, Supjyl. pi. 4 (1877) : David 8,- Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 390 (1877) ; 



Blakist. iSc Pnjer, Ibis, 1878, p. 226 [Yezo] ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, 



p. 147 [Yenisei] ; Brandt, J. f. 0. 1880, p. 241 [St. Petersburg, 



S. Finland] ; Boi/d. Consp.Av. Boss. fasc. i. p. 30 (1884) ; Fleske, 



Uebers. Vbg. Kola, p. 306 (1886). 

 Bonasa svlvestris, Gray, List of B. pt. iii. Gall. p. 46 (1844) ; Elliot, 



P. Ac.'Philad. 1864, p. 23 ; id. Mon. Tetr. i)l. iv. (1865) ; Begl. ^• 



Gerbe, Om. Europ. ii. p. .52 (1867). 

 Bonasa albigularis, Brehm, Yogelf. p. 262 (18.55) [Kamtschatka]. 

 Tetrao (Tetrastes) bonasia, Sehr. lieis. Aniur-L. i. p. 400 (1859) ; 



Raddc, Ost-Sib. ii. p. 301 (1863). 

 Bonasa betulina, Gray, List Gallina Brit. Mus. p. 89 (1867) ; id. 



Hand-l. B. ii. p. 277 (1870); Dress. B. Eur. v. p. 193, pi. 486 



(1871); Collett, Fork. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1872, p. 237 [N. Norway] ; 



Danf. yi)- Bromi, Ibis, 1875, p. 417 [Transylvania]; Tacz. Bull. 



Sod Z<wl. F: i. p. 242 (1876), ii. p. 15;'. (1877) [Poland]; Gigl. 



Ibis, 1881, p. 206 [E. Alps] ; Saund. Ibis, 1884, p. 387 [P^TeIlees] ; 



Gigl. Av. Ital. p. 345 (1880) ; Sahad. El. I'cc. Ital. p. 197 (1887) ; 



Gigl. Av. Ital. i. p. 534 (1889), ii. p. 640 (1890), iii. p. 508 (1891) ; 



Saund. Ibis, 1891, p. 180 'Switzerland^. 

 Bonasia betulina, Ih/bouski\ J. f. O. 18(r8, p. 336 [Daouria] ; Tacz. 



J. f. O. 1873. p. 98 ; Bolau, J. f. 0. 1881, p. 62"; Meier, J. f. O. 



1885, p. 95 [E. Prussia] ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 609, 1888, p. 467 



[CoreaJ; Dorr. J.f. 0. 1888, p. 89. 

 Bonasa bonasia, S^^■jn. Am. Kat. 1884, p. 774; Tschusi zu Schmidh. 



Om. Jahrb. i. p. J61 (1890) ; Meyer, Vog.-Skcl. pi. clsxx. (1892). 

 Tetrastes betulinas, Schal. Zeif. ges. Om. ii. p. 42 (1885). 

 Tetrastes bonasa, Olphe-Gall. Faun. Om. Eur. Occ. fasc. 37-40, 



p. 43 (1886). 



Adult nude. General colour above grey, rufous, or some inter- 

 mediate stage ; toj) of the head, short crest, back and sides of the 

 neck, and mantle barred with black ; the feathers on the sides of the 

 neck rather long, tipped with white and showing some tendency 

 towards tlie formation of a ruffle &s in Bonasa ; rest of the lower 

 back, rumj), and upper tail-coverts more or less finely mottled with 

 black and with black shaft-stripes ; scapulars at^d outer secondaries 

 blotched with black, the shorter scapulars and sometimes the 

 secondaries spotted with white at the extremities; wing-coverts, 



