6. FRANCOLINUS. 133 



bohm,I1ns, 1883, p. 27 [Caucasus]; Trist. Palest, p. 124 (1884): 



Marshall, llm, 1884, p. 423 [Chamba] ; Gif/lioli, Avif. Ital. p. 387 



(I88(i) ; Salvad. Ucc. Ital. p. 198 (1887) : Taylor, Sir. F. x. p. 530 



(1887) [Orissa]: Jfume, Str. F. xi. p. 304 (1888) [Maiiipur] ; 



Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 87 (188'J); Giylioli, Avif. 



Ital. pt. i. p. olo (1889) ; St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 17o [Afghanistan 



& Kelat] ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests i^- Eqijs, iii. p. 428 (1890) ; 



Schaeck, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. iv. p. 291 (1891). 

 Attageu fraucolinus, A'«/s. c'^- Bias. Wirbelth. Eur. p. 201 (1840); 



Bo(/(l. B. Caiicas. p. 142 (1879) ; id. Cotisp. Av. Imp. Ross. fasc. i. 



p. 42 (1884) ; Zaroudn. Bull. Mosc. Ixi. p. 322 (1885) [Transcaspia] ; 



td. I. c. (n. s.) iii. p. 108 (1890). 

 Fraiicoliniis vulgaris ?, var. brevipes, Ilodf/s. in Gray's Zool. Misc. 



p. 85 ( 1844) : id. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mas. nos. 030-2 ; Bonap. C. R. 



xliii. p. 414 (1850). 

 Francoliuus tiistriatus, Bonap. C. R. xlii. p. 882 (1856) [Cyprus] ; 



lirce, Ibis, 1803, p. 115. 

 Francolinus henrici, Bonap. C. R. xlii. p. 882 (1856) [Sindh]. 

 Francoliuus asiiie, Bonap. C. R. xlii. p. 882 (1850) [Asia Minor] ; 



Bree, Ibis, 1863, p. 115. 

 Choetojms francolinus, Blasius, List B. Europe, p. 18 (1862). 

 Francolinus francolinus. Grant, Ibis, 1892, p. 38. 



Adult male. Top of the head blackish brown, each feather edged 

 with buff; an oblong white patch situated behind the eye covers 

 tlic hinder part of the cheek and ear-coverts ; rest of head, chin, 

 and throat bhick ; a wide dark chestnut ring surrounds the neck. 

 Upper back black, each feather with one or more jjairs of white 

 ocelli ; middle back, lesser and median wing-coverts, and scapulars 

 blackish brown, edged with buff, and with a submargiual tawny 

 or bufE band on each web. Lower back, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts black, witli narrow transverse white bars. Primaries and 

 secondaries and their coverts dark brown, with rows of tawny-buff 

 spots on both webs. Wiiole chest, breast, and belly black ; a few 

 feathers on the sides of the breast, belly, and flanks with a sub- 

 terminal pair of white ocelli. Thighs and vent rufous, tipped with 

 buff; under tail-coverts dark chestnut. Centre pair of tail-feathers 

 black, barred with white like the upper tail-coverts ; rest of tail- 

 feathers with the terminal third black, and the remainder barred 

 with white. Bill black ; a small blunt spur on each tarsus ; legs and 

 toes orange. Iris brown. Total length 13 inches, wing G, tall 3'5, 

 tarsus 1-7 (specimens from India). Total length l:J-8 inches, wing 6*9, 

 tail 4, tarsus 1"9 (specimens from Cyprus, Asia Minor, ifcc). 



Adult female. General plumage of the upper parts like that of the 

 male, but the upper back resembles the middle back and wing- 

 coverts, and the general tone of the lower back, rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts is browner. The sides of the face are buff, dotted -^vith 

 black ; the ear-coverts blackish brown : chin and throat white ; the 

 chestnut collar is confined to the nape; front and sides of the throat 

 and rest of underparts white mixed with buft", with 1-shaped black 

 bars, which vary greatly in intensity, being quite faint in some 

 (?very old) specimens, while in the majority they are very clearly 

 defined, and divide the extremity of each feather into paired white 



