20. EXCALFACTOUIA. 251 



F. X. p. 286 (1882) [Lower Pefju] ; Davison, Str. F. x. p. 412 

 (1883) [Wvnaad, Kampur, Mysore]; Kelltum. Ibis, 1882, p. -j 

 [Malay Stati's] ; Dates, B. Burniah, ii. p. 'i'.'A (188-j) ; Midi. 

 J. f. O. 188.J, p. lUO [Salanga Is.]; Jltime, Str. F. xi. p. .'510 

 (1888) [Assam, Cachar, Sylhet, Manipur] ; Hartert, J.f. O. 1889, 

 p. 4.3J ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests ^- E. Ind. B. iii. p. 448 (1890). 



Excalfactoria minima, Gould, P. Z. S. 18o9, p. 128 [Celebes]; id. 

 B. Asia, vii. pi. 7 (1867) ; Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 87 (1872), 

 ix. p. 224 (1875) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. G7.5 (187;j), 

 xviii. p. 9 (1882) ; id. Orn. Pap. iii. p.' 2.5-5 (1882) ; Pleske, Bull. 

 Acad. Petersb. xxix. p. 536 (1884) [Ternate]; Salvad. Agy. Orn. 

 Pap. pt. iii. p. 195 (1891). 



Syncecus sinensis, Newton, Ibis, 1861, pp. 116, 275 [Mauritius^. 



Coturnix caineana, Swinh. Ibis, 1865, pp. 351, 542 [Swatow] ; id. 

 Ibis, 1870, p. .3(30, 



Coturnix (Excalfactoria) chinensis, Gray, List Gallince Brit. Mus. 

 p. 63 (1867) ; id. Iland-l. B. ii. p. 269 (1870). 



Coturnix (Excalfactoria) minima, Gray, List Gallince Brit. Mus. 

 p. 63 (1867) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 269 (1870). 



Excalfactoria sinensis, Hume Sf Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 447 (1878) 

 [Pakclian, Malawoon] ; Binyham, Sir. F. ix. p. 196 (1680) [Kau- 

 Karyit, Moulmein, Thounpryeen]. 



? Excalfactoria sp., Salvad. Orn. Pap. iii. p. 257 (1882). 



Adult male. ^liddle of the head, nape, back, and rump brown, 

 with vormiculations and subterminal bars and blotches of black : 

 most of the feathers below the nape with whitish shafts, widest on 

 the lower back and rump. (In very old examples the shaft-stripes 

 entirely disappear.) Forehead, sides of the crown and head and 

 nock, lesser and median winj^-coverts, and upper tail-coverts more or 

 less washed with dark slate-blue. Outer webs and ends of the outer 

 median wing-coverts bright chestnut. Primaries, secondaries, and 

 their coverts brown ; the outer webs of the secondaries and of their 

 coverts sandy, faintly vcrmiculated with brownish ; a wliite Ijand 

 from the nostril to the eye ; chin and throat black, a white band 

 edged with black on either side ; fore part of tlie neck white, 

 edged with black ; upper part of the chost, sides of the breast, sides 

 and Hanks slate-blue, rest of the underparts rich chestnut. (In 

 very old si)ecimens the chestnut on the underparts gradually takes 

 the place of the slate-blue till very little of the latter remains.) 

 Tail chestnut. Total length o-2 inches, wing 2-8, tail 1*1, 

 tarsus '8. 



Vounrfcr male.'} have the general colour of the upper parts 

 browner than in the adult, the black markings larger and more 

 numerous, and almost all the feathers with a pale buff or white 

 shaft^stripc ; down the middle and along either side of the head the 

 shaft-stripes of the feathers form pale bands. The wing-coverts 

 resemble the plumage of the back, and only one or two show traces 

 of chestnut on the margins of the outer webs : the edges of the 

 black and white markings on the throat and neck are less sharply 

 defined. On the underparts the slate-blue predominates, and on 

 the sides and flanks is mixed with sandy and spotted with black. 

 Tail slate-blue, edged with chestnut. 



