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Suborder XI. GALLINJE. 



Short-billed schizogiiathous birds, in which tho angle of the 

 mandible is produced and recurved ; the coracoid has no subclavicular 

 process, the short delto-pectoral crest of the humerus is incurved 

 the talon of the tarso-metatarsus has a single tube, and the hallux 

 is present. 



The bones of the hind limbs are usually of medium length, and 

 the wings are very short. 



The tarso-metatarsus is more or less flattened from front to back 

 •with the third trochlea much more prominent than either of the 

 others ; it resembles that of the Fulicaria\ although generally dis- 

 tinguished by the greater development of the inner muscular ridge 

 on the posterior aspect, and always by the presence on the inner 

 side of the talon of a short and often deep depression for the flexor 

 hallucis ; the talon has one complete tube ; and the second trochlea 

 is usually slightly shorter than the fourth, and is not produced 

 towards the inner side. In the males of certain species the tarso- 

 metatarsus has a conical spur (occasionally double) on its inner 

 border. The phalangeals are of medium length. 



The tibio-tarsus is relatively stout, and considerably longer than 

 the tarso-metatarsus ; the distal extremity is not inflected ; the two 

 condyles are nearly equal in size ; and the extensor bridge is oblique 

 and has no intercondylar tubercle. 



The femur is characterized by its length and forward curvature, 

 by the distinct popliteal depression, by the junction of the anterior 

 intermuscular ridge with the great trochanter, and by the outer 

 condyle being lower than the inner. 



The furcula is Y-shaped, with a well-developed hypocladium. 

 The coracoid is long, narrow, nearly straight, and usually thick ; 

 there is no distinct subclavicular process and no foramen, and the 

 sternal facet is long and arched. 



The humerus is short and stout, with a double lateral curvature, of 

 which the upper and inner concavity is the larger ; the head is laro-e 

 with no distinct coraco-humeral groove ; the delto-pectoral crest is 

 short and low, with its summit reflected towards the inner side : the 

 facet for the pectoralis minor is situated on the angle formed by 

 the junction of the delto-pectoral crest with the shaft ; the subtro- 

 chanteric foramen is large, and generally opens on the surface of the 

 bone ; the distal condyles are prominent, and there is no ectepi- 

 condylar process or tubercle. 



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