14. cuEX. 83 



(1863) ; Scldeg. Mus. P.-B., Anseres, p. 108 (18G6) ; Bryant, Pr. 



Bost. Soc. N. H. xi. p. 70 (Inagua) (1806) ; Lmor. Ann. Lye. 



N. Y. viii. p. 29.5 (1866) ; Coves, Key, p. 282 (1872) ; id. Cheik- 



list, n. 479 (1873) ; Sclat. ^ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 128, 



n. 2 (1883) ; Ri'luio. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 388 (Illinois) (1874) ; 



Cones, B. N.-West, p. 553 (1874); Nelson, Nutt. Orn. Club, 



1876, p. 137 ; Sclat. Sf Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 361 ; Sclat. 



P. Z. S. 1880, p. 501 ; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 259, n. 2572 



(1882). 

 Anser hvperboreus, juv., Wits. Am. Orn. viii. p. 89, pi. 469. f. 5 



(1814)'; Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 33 (1824) ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. 



p. 628 (part.) (1831) ; G. B. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 607, n. 7 (part.) 



(1844) ; BcAnb. Syn. Av., Natatores, t. 97. f. 226 (media) (1845) ; 



Baird, B. N. Am. p. 760 (part.) (1858); Eyt. Sipi. Anat. p. 40 



(part.) (1869) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 371 (part.) (1872). 

 Anas hvperborea, part., Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. 525 (1815) ; id. op. 



cit. 2nd ed. ii. p. 816 (part.) (1820). 

 An.spr hyperboreaa, part., Eyt. Mon. Anat. p. 92 (1838). 

 Chen hyperborea, part., G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 129, 



specini. b (1844) ; Bp. Compt. Bend, xliii. p. 648, n. 10 (1856). 

 Chen cierulescenp, Gitndl. Report. Fis.-Nat. i.p. 387 (18ii6) ; Elliot, 



B. N. Am. pi. 43 (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 75, n. 10571 



(1871) ; Gundl. J. f. O. 1871, pp. 292, 294, 1875, p. 374 (Cuba) ; 



Ridfpc. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. iii. p. 202 (1880) ; id. Nom. N. Am. 



B. n. 590 (1881) ; Cones, Check-list, 2nd ed. p. Ill, n. 694 (1882) ; 



B., B., * R. IVater-B. N. Am. i. p. 436 (1884) ; Ridg^o. Auk, i. 



p. 240 (1884); Cones, Key N. Am. B. p. 685 (1884); Sclat. 



P. Z. S. 1884, p. 476 (Zool. Card., Alaska) ; Nehrl. J.f. O. 1885, 



p. 146 (Illinois) ; A. O. U. Code of Nomencl. &: Check-list N. 



Am. B. p. 351 (1886) ; Ridgu: Man. N. Am. B. p. 115 (1887) ; 



A. O. U. Suppl. to Code of Nom. S; Check-list, p. 18, n. 169 



(1889) ; Hurtert, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 226, n.3354 (1891). 



Adult. Head and upper half of the neck white, or mostly white ; 

 lower neck and body greyish brown, the feathers bordered termi- 

 nally with paler ; these pale edgings, however, nearly obsolete on 

 the neck, where the tint is darker, inclining to plumbeous-umber, 

 which joins irregularly against the white above it ; rump and wings 

 plain pearl-grey or bluish cinereous (the former sometimes white), 

 in striking contrast to the deep greyish brown of the scapulars, sides, 

 &c., that of the rump fading into white on the upper tail-coverts, 

 and that of the greater coverts edged externally with the same ; 

 primaries black, fading basally into hoary grey ; secondaries deep 

 black, narrowly skirted with white ; tail deep cinereous, the feathers 

 distinctly bordered with white : bill reddish, the commissural 

 space black ; feet reddish. Total length about 30 inches, wing 

 15-17, culmen 2- 10-2-30, tarsus 3-3-30. 



Young. Very similar to the adult, but the chin only white, the 

 colour of the head and neck being uniform plumbeous-umber, or 

 brownish plumbeous, like the breast, only darker in shade ; body 

 more cinereous than in the adult, the pale tips to the nearly trun- 

 cated contour-feathers being ob.solete ; rump, wings, and tail as in 

 the adult : bill and feet blackish. 



Hah. Interior of Xortli America east of the Rocky Mountains, 



