90 ANATID^. 



1864, p. 326 (Finland) ; Schley. Mus. P.-B., Anseres, p. 109 (1866) ; 



Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 406, Taf. 4. tf. 3, 7 (1870) ; Malmyr. J. f. O. 



1870, pp. 287, 288 (Finland) ; G. JR. Or. Hand-list, iii. p. 74, 



n. 10561 (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 370 (1872); Sund. Sv. 



Fogl. pi. 56. f. 2 (1872) ; id. Meth. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 145 



(1872) ; Alst. ^- Broion, Ibis, 1873, p. 70 (Archangel) ; Finsch, 



Ibis, 1877, p. 62 (Obdorsk) ; Bress. B. of Eur. vi. p. 355, pi. 41 



(pts. 71, 72, 1878) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1879, p. 258 



(W. Siberia); Hume ^ Marsh. Game Birds, iii. pi. 7 (1880); 



Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 499 ; B. 0. U. List Brit. B. p. 115 (1883) ; 



8clat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 417, n. 947 (1883) ; Gaetke, 



J. f. O. 1883, p. 81 (Heligoland) ; Radde, Ornis Caucus, p. 445 



(1884) : Saund. Tarrelfs Br. B. iv. p. 253 (1884-85) ; Seebh. 



Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 500 (1885) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 291 



(1889) ; Meyer, Abbild. Voffel-Skel. -pi. cxvii (1889) ; Sharpe, Cat. 



Osteal. Spec^Coll. Surg. iii. pp. 291, 292 (1891) ; Kolamb. Glasnik. 



Karamsl. Driiz. vi. p. 108 (1891). 

 Anser vulgaris, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. ii. p. 222 (part.) (1811). 

 ? Anser medius, ^^ Temm.," Meyer, Taschenb. Zus. u. Ber. p. 231 



(1822). 

 Anser ferus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 28, pi. 41 (1824) ; Gould, B. 



Eur. pi. 347 (1837) ; Eyt. Mon. Anat. p. 93 (1838) ; G. R. Gr. 



List Gen. B. p, 73 (1840) ; id. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 129 



(1844); id. Gen. B. iii. p. 607, n. 1 (1844); Hartl. Si/st. Verz. 



Ges. Mus. p. 117 (1844) ; Strickl. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (3) iii. 



pp. 122, 124 (1859); G. R. Gr. Cat. Brit. B. p. 186(1863); 



? Boie, J.f. O. 1863, p. 61 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 629 ; Eyt. Syn. 



Anat. p. 42 (1869) ; Elw. S,- Buckl. Ibi.s, 1870, p. 339 (Macedonia) ; 



A. Neict. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 98; Goidd, B. Great Brit. v. 



pi. 1 (pt. xxiv., 1873) ; Rchnw. Voy. Zool. Giirt. p. 67 (1882) ; 



Rchnw. J. f. O. 1890, p. 81 Bub. Faun. Vert. Belg., Ois. ii. 



p. 393 (1891) ; Pears. ^- Bidtv. Ibis, 1894, p. 232 (N. Norway). 

 Anas cinerea, Ranz. El. di Zool. iii. 9, p. 87 (1826). 

 Anser palustris, Flem. Brit. An. p. 126 (1828). 

 Anser sylvestris, Brehm {nee Briss.), Isis, 1830, p. 996 (descr. nulla) ; 



id. Vog. Beutschl. p. 836 (1831). 

 Anser cineraceus (errore), Marchand, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1877, 



p. 355, pi. 14 (pulliis, pi. cxxxv.). 

 Anser anser, Hartert, Eat. Vogelsamml. p. 226 (1891). 



Adult male. Head, neck, upper part of the back, and scapulars 

 ash-brown, the feathers of the latter with lighter edges ; lower 

 back and rump lavender-grey ; a narrow white edge round the base 

 of the upper mandible ; fore-neck, breast, and abdomen greyish 

 brov^Ti, paler than the upper parts ; on the abdomen more or less 

 numerous transverse black spots, sometimes almost confluent ; 

 lower abdomen, vent, under and upper tail-coverts white ; sidea 

 and flanks brown, with the edges of the feathers pale grey, pro- 

 ducing a barred appearance ; upper smaller wing-coverts, bend of 

 the wing, winglet, primary-coverts, and base of primaries french- 

 grey ; remainder of the wings brown-grey, the edges of the coverts 

 and secondaries white ; shaft of quills white, except at the tip ; 

 under wing-coverts and axillaries french-grey ; two outermost tail- 

 feathers white, the two middle ones greyish brown with white tips, 

 the remainder white, but greyish brown on the outer web, except 



