18. BKANTA. 113 



Ac. Philad. 18G1, p. 238 ; Ross, Canad. Nat. 1862, p. 152 ; Hayd. 



Hep. p. 175 (18G2) ; Verr. Pr. Ess. Inst. iii. p. 153 (1862) ; Boardm. 



Pr. L'ost. Soc. iv. p. 139 (1862) ; Plakist. Ibis, 1862, p. 9, 1863, 



p. 141 ; Peinh. Vid. Med. f. 1864 (1805) p. 246 (Disco) ; March, 



Pi: Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 70 (Jamaica) ; Hoy, Smiths. Rep. 1864, 



p. 438 (Missouri); Dress. Ibis, 1866, p. 42; Coues, Pr. Ac. 



Philad. 1866, p. 98 ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 296 (1866) ; 



Coues, Pr. Pss. Inst. vi. p. 298 (1868) ; Hincks, P. Z. S. 1868, 



p. 211 ; Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 425 (Vancouver Isl.) ; Ball ^ Bann. 



Tr. Chic. Ac. i. p. 295 (Alaska) (1869) ; Stev. U.S. Gaol. Surv. 



Terr. 1870, p. 466 (Wyoming); Coues, Pr. Ac. Philad. 1871, 



p. 35 (N. Carolina) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 467 (two carotids), 



p. 639 (muscles) ; Snow, B. Kansas, p. 11 (1873) ; Sclat. 8r Salv. 



Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 128, n. 1 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1876, 



p. 362 (part. ?) ; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 317 ; Sclat. P. Z. S.. 



1880, p. 502 ; Ridyw. Nom. N. A7n. B. n. 594 (1881) ; Coues, 



Check-list, 2nd ed. p. 112, n. 702 (1882) ; Sclat. List Vert. An. 



8th ed. p. 419 (1883) ; B. O. U. List Br. B. p. 118 (1883) ; 



Howley, Auk, i. pp. 309-313 (Newfoundland) (1884) ; B., B., J- R. 



Water-B. N. Am. i. pp. 455, 456, 457, 460 (1884) ; Coues, Key 



N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 688, n. 702 (1884) ; Saund. YarreWs Hist. 



Br. B. iv. p. 295 (1884-85) ; Monti. Bull. Soc. Accl. 1886, p. 140,. 



fig. p. 141 ; Newt. Diet. ofB. p. 376 (pt. 2, 1893). 

 Cygnopsis canadensis, Brandt, Descr. et Ic. An. Ross. Nov., Aves, i. 



p. 5 (1836) ; Bp. Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur. p. 69, n. 416 (1842) ; G. R. 



Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 130 (1844). 

 ? Anser parvipes, Cass. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 187 (Vera Cruz); 



id. U.S. Ei-pl. Exped., Mamm. S,- Orti. p. 336 (1858). 

 Bernicla (Leucoblepharon) canadensis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. xlix 



(1858). 

 ? Bernicla leucolaema, Murr. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. ix. p. 226 



(var.) (1859). 

 ? Bernicla barnstoni, Ross, Canad. Nat. vii. p. 152 (var.) (April 1862) ; 



id. Nat. Hist. Rev. (2) ii. p. 28 (1862); Blakist. Ibis, 1863, 



p. 143 ; B., B., ^ R. Water-B. N. Am. i. p. 460 (1884). 

 Branta canadensis, Bann. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1870, p. 131 ; Coues, Key, 



p. 283, f. 185 a (1872); id. Check-list, n. 485 (1873); id. B. 



N- West, p. 554 (1874) ; Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i. p. 50 



(1876) ; H. W. Elliott, Mon. Seal Isl. p. 130 (1881) ; A. O. U. 



Code of Nomencl. Sf Check-list, p. 126, n. 172 (1886) ; Ridgio. 



Man. N. Am. B. p. 117, n. 172 (1887) ; Macfarl. Pr. U.S. Nat. 



Mus. xiv. p 424 (Mackenzie Basin) (1891) ; Hartert, Kat. 



Voqelsamml.^.227, n. 3361 (1891); Hatch, B. of Minnes. -p. 77 



(1892) ; MacKay, Auk, 1894, p. 226, 1895, p. 77 (Massachusetts). 

 Leucoblepharon canadense, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 76, n. 10578 



(1871) ; Suud. Meth. nat. A v. disp. Tent. p. 145 (1872) ; Hein. ^^ 



Rchmv. Nom. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 342 (1890). 

 Anser (Brenthus) canadensis, Rchnw. Orn. CmtralU. 1882, p. 37 ; 



id. Vog. zool. Gdrt.p. 66 (1882). 



Adult. Head and nearly all the neck black ; chin and throat 

 white, extending upwards on the cheeks and ending in a point 

 behind the car-coverts ; back, wing-coverts, secondaries, and terlials 

 brown, the feathers, except those of the back, with lighter-coloured 

 edges; rump black; upper tail-coverts white; lower part of the 

 neck almost white, but rarely distinct; breast and belly pale 



VOL. XXVII. I 



