25. XADOKNA. 173 



p. o70 (1855) ; L. Brclnit, Naumannia, 18o5, p. 291 ; A. Brchm, 



J.f. O. 1855, p. aG7. 

 Anas (Vulpauser) tadorna, Radde, Meis. S. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 360 (18G3). 

 Cheualopex tadorua, i\ Druate, J.f. 0. 1865, p. 353. 

 Anas vLilpauser, Datid, X. Avch. du Mus., Bull. vii. Cat. n. 444 



(1871). 

 Tadorna cornuta, G. It. Gr. moid-list, iii. p. 80, n. 10618 (1871) ; 



Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 418 (China) ; Hume, Str. Feath. i. p. 260 



(1873); Htufjl. Ovn. X.O.-Afv. ii. 2, p. 1304 (1873); Danf. S,- 



H. Brown, Ihia, 1875, p. 427 (^Transvlvauia) ; B., B., R. u. >S. J.f. 



O. 1877, p. 336; Dress. Ibis, 187(5^ ]> . 419; Blak. S)- Fryer, Ibis, 



1878, p. 213; Prjev. Rowl. Orn. Misc. iii. p. 100 (Mongolia) 



(1878) ; Dress. B. Eur. vi. p. 451, pi. 420 (pts. 67, G8, 1878) ; 



Gigl. Icon. Avif. Ital. fasc. ii. tav. 348 (1879) ; Hume, Sir. Feath. 



vii. p. 492, viii. p. 115, n. 956 (1879) ; Hume ^- Marsh. Gaine B. 



iii. p. 153, pi. 18 (1880) ; Mat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 511 ; Giyl. Ibis, 



1881, p. 214; Seebh. Ibis,l8&2, p. 228 (Astrakhan); Salv. Cat. B. 



Strickl. Coll. p. 531 (1882) ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 122 (1883) ; 



Seebh. Ibis, 1884, p. 175 (Nagaski) ; Saund. Yarrell's Hist. Br. B. 



iv. p. 352 (1884) ; Seebh. Hist. Br. B. iii. p. 520, pi. m (egg) 



(1885) ; Salvad. El. Ucc. Ital. p. 256 (1886) ; Tuit, ibis, 1887, 



p. 375 (Portugal); Wash. Mitth. orn. J'er. Wien, 1887, p. 182 



(Styria) ; Kovniy, J. f. O. 1888, p. 296 (Tunis) ; Saunders, 3Ian. 



Br. B. p. 407 (1889) ; Lilf. Ibis, 1889, p. 345 (Cyprus) ; Tristr. 



Cat. Coll. B. p. 50 (1889) ; Seebh. B. Jap. Emp. p. 241 (1890) ; 



Evans, Ibis, 1891, p. 72 (breeding) ; Sharpe, Cat. Osteol. Spec. Coll. 



Sury. iii. p. 299 (1891) ; Seebh. Ibis, 1892, p. 27 (Heligoland) ; 



De la Touche, Ibis, 1892, p. 491 (Foochow and Swatow) ; Dubois, 



Faun. Vert. Bely., Ois. ii. p. 423, pi. 251 (1892) ; Pears. ^ Bidw. 



Ibis, 1894. p. 232 (N. Norway). 

 Vulpanser (Anas) tadorna, Barth. Nory. Fuylev. p. 49 (1881). 

 Tadorna daniiatica, Stejn. Pr. U.S. JS'at. Mus. 1882, p. 38 ; Schal, 



J.f. O. 1890, pp. 5, 10, 39; Rchnw. J.f. O. 1890, p. 82; Floericke, 



J.f O. 1891, pp. 171, 198, 291, 1892, p. 251. 

 Tadorna vulgaris, Seebh. Ibis, 1883, p. 33. 



Ifyhrkh. 



Tadorna vulpanser c? x Casarca caua 5, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, 

 p. 442, pi. clviii*; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 474; id. List Vert. An. 8th 

 ed. p. 428 (1883). 



Anas tadorna X Anas boschas, Mimter, J.f. O. 1853, p. 302. 



Adult mule. Head and upper part of the neck dark glossy green ; 

 round the lower neck a broad white collar ; a band of rich chestnut 

 covers the upper part of the back, the space before the bei]d of the 

 wing, and the upper part of the breast ; remainder of the back, rump, 

 and upper tail-coverts white, scapulars black, except the inner ones, 

 which are white; a band along the middle of the breast and belly 

 dark brown ; sides and flanks white ; under tail-coverts rufous ; 

 wing-coverts white ; primaries very dark brown ; speculum on the 

 secondaries green ; long inner secondaries with rich chestnut outer 

 webs ; tail-feathers white, tipped with black : bill and knob at the 

 base bright red ; irides brown ; legs, toes, and their membranes 

 flesh-pink. Total length 24-26 inches, wing 13, tail 5-2, culmen 

 2*4, tarsus 2, 



