180 ANATID^. 



Yark. Miss., Aves, p. 128 (1891) ; Li/ford, Col. Fig. Br. B. pt. xx. 



(1891) ; Hartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 228 (1891) ; Ogilvie, Zool. 



1892, pp. 392-398 (Brit. Isl.) ; Ussher, t. e. pp. 334, 335 (Ireland) ; 



Vanh. Verh. Ges. Erdk. Berl. xx. p. (Greenland) (1893). 

 Anas (Casarca) rutila, Brehm, J.f. O. 1854, p. 84 (Sudan). 

 Anas (Vulpanser) rutila, Radde, Meis. S. O.-Sibr. ii. p. 361, Taf, 



xiv. f. 1 (pullus) (1863). 

 Vulpanser rutilus, Radde, Ornis Caucas. p. 351 (1884). 

 Cairina rutila, Tacs. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 611 (Corea) ; 1888, p. 



(Corea). 

 Nettalopex rutila, Heine u. RcJmw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 



(1890). 



Hybrids. 



Casarca rutila c? X C. cana $ , Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 442 ; id. 



Ibis, 1869, p. 474. 

 Tadorna rutila X Chenalopex aegyptiaca, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 2. 

 Tadorna casarca X Querquedula falcata P, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 1, 



pi. 1 (Vladivostok, N.E. Asia). 

 Tadorna rutila xT. sgyptiaca, ieyerA-. J.f. 0. 1890, p. 221. 



Adult male. Head, cheeks, and chin buff-colour, darkening to an 

 orange-brown at the lower part of the neck, which is surrounded 

 by a black ring ; back, scapulars, breast, and all the underparts 

 orange-brown or foxy-red ; rump fulvous, vermiculated with black ; 

 upper tail-coverts, tail, and quills black ; wing-coverts white ; 

 secondaries glossed with green and purple on the outer web, forming 

 a speculum ; tertials yellowish, tinged with foxy-red on the outer 

 web, and on the inner with grey : bill, legs, and feet blackish ; iris 

 brown-hazel. Total length about 24 inches, wing 14'5, tail 5"5, 

 culmen 1'75 ; tarsus 2*25. 



Female. Similar to the male, but the head is whiter, the black 

 collar round the neck is wanting, and the coloration lighter. 



According to Hume and others, the adult males also are without 

 the black collar during the months of December, January, and 

 February. 



Young. Hesembles the female, but is duller in colour ; the 

 tertials and scapulars are brown, marked with yellowish red, and 

 the white on the wings is washed or soiled with grey (Dresser). 



Nestling in doivn. Hesembles those of the Common Sheldrake, 

 but the brown of the upper parts is paler, and the white of the 

 underparts is suffused with brown on the breast and belly (SeehoJmi). 



Hah. Southern and Eastern Europe (being rarer in the West), 

 North Africa as far south as Shoa, and through Western Asia, 

 Turkestan, and Mongolia to China and Japan ; winters in India, 

 Burma, and Formosa. 



a. Pull. st. No locality. Purchased. 



b. (S ad. St. Athens. C. L. W. Merlin, Esq. 



[P.]. 



c. [ 2 ad.] sk. Egypt, Feb. {G. E. S.). Shelley Coll. 



d. d ad. sk. Damietta, Egypt, Dec. Shelley Coll. 



(Filipponi). 



e. d ad. St. [Cape.] Dr. 0. Finsch [P.]. 



f. Juv. St. Northern Asia ? Purchased. 



