224 ANATID^. 



Ktiuorliynchiis strepera, Hartl. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 120 (1844). 



Anas mail, Hodgs. Graijs Zool. Misc. p. 81, n. 500 ( 5 ) (1844). 



Chaulelasmus strepera, Rchnb. Syn. Av., Natatores, t. 92. ff. 165-167 

 (1845); Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 100 (1854); Bo/le, J. f. O. 1855, 

 p. 314 (Spain) ; Beql. ^- Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 510 (1867) ; Gould, 

 B. Gh-eat Brit. v. pi. 19 (pt. xiii., 1868) ; Eiji. Syn. Anat. p. 93 

 (1869) ; Tacz. J.f. O. 1870, p. 55 ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 84, 

 n. 10674 (1871) ; Byb. J.f. O. 1873, p. 110, 1874, p. 337 ; Tacz. 

 Bidl. Soc. Zool. Fr. ii. p. 46 (1877) ; Madar. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. 

 p. 39 (1884). _ 



Chaulelasmus cinereus, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 373 (1855) ; id. Nau- 

 mannia, 1855, p. 297. 



Chaulelasmus americanus, Grny (ubi ?),Jide Brehm, Vogelf. p. 374 

 (1855) ; id. Naumannia, 1855, p. 297. 



Chaulelasmus streperus, 6. americanus, Bj). Compt. Bend, xliii. p. 050 

 (1856). 



Anas strepera americana, Wied, J.f. O. 1859, p. 169. 



Anas (Chauliodes) strepera, Badde, Beis. S. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 370 (1863). 



Anas streperus, Cory, List B. W. Ind. p. 30 (1885). 



Cliauliodous streperus, OljJhe-Gall. Contr. Faun. Orn. Fur. Oca. iv. 

 p. 50 (1888). 



Adult male. Upper part of the head reddish brown, indistinctly 

 speckled with darker brown ; sides of the head and upper neck 

 whitish, the latter with a rusty tinge, both thickly speckled with 

 brown ; an indistinct brown band behind the eyes ; mantle and 

 scapulars grey, thickly waved with blackish ; lower back uniform 

 brown, changing into velvety black on the rump, upper and under 

 tail-coverts ; lower neck in front and on the sides and upper breast 

 with blackish and white crescent-like bars on each feather, producing 

 a scale-like appearance ; lower breast and upper part of the abdomen 

 white ; sides and flanks thickly waved with blackish and greyish 

 bands, which extend on the sides of the vent ; smaller wing-coverts 

 brownish grey, the median ones chestnut, the greater velvety black ; 

 wing-speculum velvety black outwardly, inwardly white ; primaries 

 brownish grey ; primarj'-coverts and tertiaries grey ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries white ; tail-feathers greyish, with the tips 

 whitish: "bill lead-colour; irides hazel; legs, toes, and their 

 membranes dull orange " (Yarrell). Total length about 21 inches, 

 wing 11, tail 4, culmen 1"9, tarsus 1'5. 



Female. General colour dark brown, each feather with a buff 

 margin, except the scapulars, the feathers of the rump, which are 

 brownish black, and the wings, which resemble those of the adult 

 male, except that the reddish chestnut is confined to a few of the 

 median wing-coverts. The general colour of the underparts is 

 white, suffused with rufescent on the breast and flanks, which, 

 together with the under tail-coverts, are spotted with dark brown. 



Youny in first plumage. Closely resembles the adult female, but 

 there is no chestnut or black on the wings, the white on the 

 secondaries is dull, and the whole of the feathers of the underparts 

 have obscure, ill-defined, brown centres. 



Males not quite in full clress have a very distinct reddish tinge on 

 the throat and lower part of the neck. 



