330 ANATID^.' 



Callichen mfinum, Eyt. Man. Anat. p. 152 (1838). 



Avthya rufina, MacgiU. Man. Brit. B. p. 191 (1842). 



Tadcima ? pnoe, Hodffs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 86, n. 819 ( 2 ) (1844). 



Callichen rufescens, Brehm, Voyelf. p. 379 (1855). 



Callichen nifina, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 651, n. 144 (1856) ; 

 Loche, Cat. M. et O. Alger, p. 144 (1858) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1860, p. 81 

 (N. Africa) ; Sundev. Meth. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 148 (1872). 



Fuligula ruiicrista, C. F. Dubois, PI. Col. Ois. Belg. iii. p. 277 

 (1860). 



Callichen rufa [errore?), Eoenig, J.f. 0. 1888, p. 285 (Tunis), 



Hybrids. 



Fuligula rufina X Metopiana peposaca, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 524. 

 Branta rufina c? X Anas boscas$, Martorelli, P. Z. S. 1891, p. 489. 



Adnlt male. Head, throat, and sides of the upper neck reddish 

 chestnut ; the feathers on the top of the head much elongated, 

 forming a conspicuous crest of a reddish-buff colour ; back of the 

 neck above and lower neck brown-black, changing on the breast, 

 beUy, and under tail- coverts into glossy brown ; back greyish brown, 

 darker on the lower part, and changing into brown-black on the 

 rump and upper tail-coverts ; scapulars pale brown ; wing-coverts 

 and tertials greyish, secondaries white, forming the ^ving-speculum, 

 bordered near the tip by a grey-brown band ; primaries whitish, 

 but the tips and the outer webs of the first five greyish brown ; 

 under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the latter greyish at the 

 tip ; edge of the wing near the carpal joint white ; a white patch 

 almost hidden at the base of the scapulars ; sides and flanks white, 

 "with an evanescent pinkish tinge, more or less undulated with brown 

 lines anteriorly and posteriorly, the upper feathers brown-olive, 

 and also the longer ones at the tip : at the base of the tail on the 

 sides the feathers are black with a green gloss ; tail-feathers 

 greyish brown, the outer ones paler and more or less with lighter 

 edges : biU crimson or vermilion-red ; irides reddish brown ; legs 

 and toes vermilion-red, interdigital membrane blackish. Total 

 length about 22 inches, wing 10, tail 4, culmen 1*9, tarsus 1-5. 



Female. General colour greyish, browner on the upper parts, 

 the rump blackish brown ; upper part of the head, including the 

 ocular region, brown ; cheeks, throat, and sides of the neck 

 greyish white ; point of the wing-speculum greyish white, primaries 

 grey, with the tip and outer webs brown ; beak and legs reddish 

 brown. 



Young male similar to the female, but the darker centres of the 

 feathers of the underparts are brown instead of grey ; back and 

 breast darker brown ; and more indications of a crest (Seebohm). 



Males in first nuptial dress have the underparts more suffused 

 with brown, the white not suffused with pink, and the bill much 

 paler {Seebohm). 



Males in moulting plumage very closely resemble the adult 

 females, but may be distinguished by the brighter colour of their 



