47. CLANGrLA. 381 



(188G) ; Tiirner, Contr. N. H. Alaska, p. 134 (1886) ; Nelson, Nat. 

 Hist. Coll. in Alaska, p. 72 (1887) ; liich/w. Man. N. Am. B. 

 p. 105 (1887) ; Con/, Auk, 1888, p. 67 (Cuba ?, Barbuda) ; Schalmo, 

 J. f. O. 1891, p. 269 ; Hatch, B. of Minnes. p. C-4 (1892) ; Mackay, 

 Auk, 1894, p. 226. 



Hybrids. 



ClaDgula mergiformis, Cahot, Pr. Bast. Soc. N. H. v. pp. 57, 118- 

 120 (1854) (=ClaDgula aiuericana X Mergus cucullatus). 



Fuligula americana (!) x Mergus cucullatus, Leverk. J. f. 0. 1890, 

 p. 224. 



Achdt male. Head and upper neck dark glossj- green, the feathers 

 on the crown and nape soniewliat elongated ; chin and throat black ; 

 a roundish white patch on the cheeks near the base of the upper 

 mandible ; lower neck, breast, and underparts white ; on the sides 

 of the vent the feathers have the bases slaty grey showing through ; 

 feathers of the flanks edged above with black, the longer ones on both 

 webs ; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts black ; inner scapulars 

 black, the outer ones white, longer scapulars with a white band 

 along the middle ; wings black, with a large white patch covering 

 the central wing-coverts and the outer secondaries ; the inner 

 secondaries black: under wing-coverts greyish black; tail blackish 

 grey : bill bluish black ; iridcs golden yellow ; feet orange-yellow, 

 the webs dusky. Total length about IS inches, wing 8-9, tail 4, 

 culmen 1"4, tarsus 1"45. 



Female. Head and upper neck hair-brown ; a dull white collar 

 round the lower neck ; upper parts blackish ; mantle, scapulars, and 

 upper wing-coverts with pale .greyish edges ; breast greyish, with 

 the edges of the feathers whitish ; lower parts white ; sides and 

 tlanks dull grey, the feathers edged with white ; median wing- 

 coverts brown tipped with whitish, the greater ones white tijjped 

 with brown ; outer secondaries white ; the white on the wing is 

 defined by the brown band at the tip of the greater coverts ; cjuills 

 dusky brown ; tail dull greyish : bill brownish black, in some 

 specimens the tip, except the nail, is yellow : irides and legs and 

 toes as in the male. Total length 17 inches, wing 7'7, culmen 1-35. 



Young injirst 2>J>i)nage resemble adult females, but are duller in 

 colour ; the pale collar round the neck is much more obscure, the 

 grey feathers on the breast have white margins. 



Males in Jirst nuptial dress have less white on the scapulars, the 

 white on the hind lower neck is mottled with brown, as is also the 

 white spot at the base of the bill. 



Males in moulting jdumage resemble adult females, except that 

 they retain the white wing of the adult male. 



Voting in down are dark brown on the upper parts, and paler 

 brown on the breast and tlanks, shading into white on the throat 

 and into j)ale grey on the belly. 



I have not been able to distinguish specifically the American from 

 the Pala;arctic Gulden-eye. 



