50. (EDEMIA. 405 



Ibis, 1873, p. 367 (Aleutian Isl.) ; Ball, Avif. Aleut. Isl. Unai. 

 eastio. p. ti (1873) ; Coims, B. N.- West, p. 581 (1874) ; Dress. B. of 

 Eur. vi. p. G67 (1877) ; Blakist. 4- Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 215 

 (Japan) ; Adams, ibid. p. 432 (Michalaski) ; Sceb. Ibis, 1879, 

 p. 23 (Hakodate) ; Blakist. Sr Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap. viii. p. 187 

 (1880) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 529 ; Ridc/io. Nom. N. Am. B. 

 n. 030 (1881) ; Coues, Check-list, 2nd ed. 'p. 116, n. 737 (1882); 

 Blakist. S,- Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap. x. p. 100 (1882) (Kurile M., 

 breeding) ; Stearns, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, p. 121 (Labrador) ; 

 Nelson, Cruise ' Coricin^ p. 102 (1883) ; Blakist. Amend. List B. 

 Jap. p. 9 (1884) ; B., B., ^ R. Water-B. N. Am. ii. p. 89 (1884) : 

 Coues, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 713, n. 737 (1884) ; Saund. 

 YarreWs Hist. Brit. B. iv. p. 474 (1884-85); Turner, Auk, 1885, 

 p. 158 (Nearer Isl., Alaska) ; Matschie ^- Ziemer, J. f. O. 1885, 

 p. 192 ; Salvad. 4- Giyl. Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. (2) xxxix. p. 131 

 (Yamada, Japan) (1888) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 47 (1889). 



ffidemia nigra, part., Sioinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 324 (Japan) : Salv. 

 Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 540 (specim. a, Pennsylvania) (1882). 



[Oidemia] minor, Less. Jide G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 89 {in syu. 

 O. americanaj) (1871). 



Anas wilsoni, Gieb. Tkes. Orn. i. p. 365 (1872). 



QCdemia nigra, var. americana, Ridgiv. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 390 

 (1874) (Lake Michigan) ; Dub. Faun. Vert. Belg., Ois. ii. p. 500 

 (1892). 



Fuligula (CEdemia) americana, Rcknw. Orn. Centralbl. 1882, p. 17. 



Fidigula nigra americana, Seeb. Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 602 (1885). 



Similar to (E. nigra, but nail of bill distinctly arched and decidedly 

 hooked at the tip. 



Adult male. Similar to the male of (E. nigra, but basal half of 

 upper mandible, including whole of knob, " light yellow or canary- 

 yellow, richly dyed at the sides with scarlet vermilion, deeply at 

 and near the nostrils, and lightly towards the base ; irides deep 

 brown ; feet dark brown, shaded with black, webs black" (Trum- 

 bull). Total length 17-21-50 inches, wing 8-75-9-50, culmen 

 1-65-1-80, tarsus 1-65-2-00. 



Female. Above dusky greyish brown ; the feathers of the back 

 with paler tips ; lower parts paler greyish brown, the lighter tips 

 broader but wanting on the posterior portions ; lateral and under- 

 parts of head nearly uniform light greyish brown, in decided 

 contrast with dark brown of pileum and nape (Itidr/ivay) : " bill 

 black or blackish, irregularly marked with yellow; feet warm olive- 

 hrown, shaded with black on the inner side; webs black" (Truiu- 

 hull). 



Young in autumn. Resembles the female, but light part of head 

 considerably lighter ; throat i)ale buff or dull whitish ; lower surface 

 of the body very pale, ajiproaching whitish, and faintly spotted 

 with the brown or greyish brown of the fore breast and posterior 

 region; bill greyish black (TnonbuU). 



Young in down. Apparently indistinguishable from the same 

 stage of OS. nigra. 



Hah. North America and North-eastern Asia ; in America 

 breeding in the north, in winter migrating south to New Jersey, the 



