408 anatidjE. 



pi. 448 (1877) ; Finsch, Ibis. 1877, pp. 58, 59, 61 ; id. Verh. z.-b. 



Ges. JVien, 1879, p. 153 (W. Siberia) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1880, p. 194 



(Yen-e-sai) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 529 ; Gi(/l. Ibis, 1881, p. 215 



(Italy); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 540 (1882); Seeb. Ibis, 



1882, p. 229 (Astrakan), 1883, p. 189 (Caspian ?) ; Irhy, ibid. 



p. 189 (Sautaiider) ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 136 (1883) ; Saund. 



in Yarrell's Hist. Brit. B. iv. p. 476 (1884-85) : Salrad. El. dec. 



Ital. p. 267 (1886) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 47 (1889) ; Bchmu. 



J.f. O. 1890, pp. 83, 84; Sharpe, Cat. Osteol. S^xcim. R. C. S. 



iii. p. 308 (1891); Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. pt. xxii. pi. — 



(1892). 

 ffidemia hornschucbii, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 383 (1855) ; id. Naumannia, 



1855, p. 299. 

 <Edeniia meoapus, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 383 (1855) ; id. Naumannia, 



1855, p. 299. 

 {Edemia platyrhynclios, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 384 (1855) ; id. Nau- 

 mannia, 1855, p. 299. 

 Fulio:ula (Qidemia) fusca, Rchnw, Orn. Centralbl. 1882, p. 17 ; Id. 



Vog. zool. Glirt. p. 48 (1882). 

 Melanonetta fusca, Heine ^ lichmv. Nomencl. Mns. Hein. Orn. p. 349 



(1890). 



Hyhi-id. 



ffidemia fusca xClangula giaucion, Zei'erA-. /. /. O. 1890, pp. 222, 

 223. 



Adult male. General plumage uniform velvet-black ; eyelids 

 and a small patch under each eye white ; secondaries and tips 

 of the greater •wing-coverts -white, forming a conspicuous band 

 across the wing : beak pale orange, based and edged with black, a 

 diagonal line of the same black colour running from each nostril to 

 the nail of the beak ; irides chalk-white ; legs and toes dull crimson- 

 red, membranes nearly black. Total length 22 inches, wing 11'20, 

 tail 4-25, culmen I'D, tarsus 1-15. 



Female. General colour of the plumage brown-grey, the breast 

 and abdomen lighter, the edges of the feathers bciug whitish ; 

 feathers of the back and scapulais have pale edges ; two whitish 

 spots on each side of the head, one near the base of the ujiper man- 

 dible, the other on the auricular region ; secondary quills white, as 

 in the male : bill brown ; irides brown ; legs and feet paler than in 

 the male. 



Young in first j/lumage resemble adult females. 



Males in first nupticd dress have the black of the plumage less 

 glossy. 



Males in moulting dress resemble the females, but are somewhat 

 darker and show some black feathers. 



Young in down differ from those of the Common Scoter in 

 having a white spot on the wings, and in being whiter on the 

 belly. 



Hah. Northern Pala^arctic Region, as far east as Western Siberia, 

 south in winter to the coasts of northern and temperate Europe, to 

 the Black Sea and the Caspian ; occasional in Greenland. 



