328 GADID,E. 



caudal, three dorsal and two anal fins ; ventrals narrow, composed of 

 six or more rays. Teeth in the upper jaw in a narrow band ; vomerine 

 teeth ; none on the palatines. Branchiostegals seven. 



Seas of the polar and temperate regions of the northern hemi- 

 sphere. 



I divide the species of this genus into the following groups : — 



A. Upper j aw longest ; teeth in the outer series of the upper j aw stronger 



than the others (Gndus, m.), p. 328. 



B. Lower jaw longest ; teeth in the outer series of the upper jaw stronger 



than the others {Boreogad^is), p. 336. 



C. Lower jaw longest; teeth in the upper jaw of equal size (Po^wcAiiws), 



p. 338. 



A. Upper jaw longest ; teeth la the outer series of the upper jaw stronger 

 than the others (Gachis). 



1. Gadus morrhua. 



Codfish. Caheljau (old and fresh), Dorsch (young and fresh), Stock- 

 fisch (dried), Laberdan (salted). Kabelja and Torsk (Sweden). 



Synonyiyiy of the adult European Cod. 



Morrhua vulgaris, Bellon. De Aquat. p. 128. 



Molva, Sondel. ix. c. 14. p. 280 ; Gesner, pp. 88, 102._ 



Morrhua s. Molva, Aldror. iii. c. 6. p. 289 ; Jomt. i. tit. L c. 1. art. 2. 



tab. 2. fig. 1. 

 AseUus major, ScJtonev. p. 18 ; Wilhyhby, p. 165. tab. L, M. 1. fig. 4 : 



Ray, Syn. p. 53. 

 Gadus, sp., Artedi, Syn. p. 35. no. 6. 

 Gadus mon-hua, L. Syst. i. p. 436; Bl. Fische De?dsc7il.n.-p. 145. taf. 64 



Bl. Schn. p. 7 ; Lacep. ii. p. 369 ; Tt/rt. Brit. Faun. p. 89 ; Doiwv. 



Brit. Fish. V. pi. 106 ; Mitch. Lit. Sf Phil. Trans. New York, i. p. 367 



Faber, Fische Isl. p. 104 ; Richards. Faun. Bor.-Amer. Fish. p. 242 



Jen. Man. p. 440 ; Xilss. Skand. Faun. iv. p. 537 ; Brandt ^- Ratzeb. 



i. p. 46. tab. 9. fig. 3 ; Cuv. RegneAnim. M. Poiss. pi. 106. fig. 1. 

 Callarias, Klein, Pise. 3Iiss. v. p. 6. no. 4. tab. 1. fig. 1. 

 ? Gadus mon-hua, Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. p. 146. 

 Ascan. Ic. tab. 4 & 27. 



Codfish, Pen7i. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 152; ed. 1812, ii. p. 221. 

 Morue, Dtiham. Peches, ii. sect. 1. p. 37. pi. 12. fig. 1. 

 Gadus callarias, Frie^ och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 191. taf. 47. 

 MoiThua vidgaris, Flem. Brit. An. p. 191 ; Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2nd edit. 



ii. p. 221, and 3rd edit. i. p. 524; Parn. Wem. Mem. vii. p. 334, or 



Fishes Frith nf Forth, p. 173. 

 Skeleton : Brandt 6,- Ratzeb. i. tab. 8. fig. 2 (skull of G. callarias). 

 Anatomy : Delaroche, Ann. Mus. xiv. 1809, p. 279. 



2. Merlangus vemalis, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii. p. 228. — Mediterranean. 



3. Gadus purpureus, Mitch. Trans. Lit. 8( Phil. Sac. New York, i. p. 370. — 



Merlaiigiis purpureus, Storcr, Fish. Massach. p. 130 ; Bekay, New York 

 Fauna, Fi.'^L p. 286. pi. 45. fig. 147.— Northern United States. 



4. Merlangus leptocephalus, Lckay, I. c. p. 288. tab.45. iig. 146.— New York. 



5. Gadus -vrachna, PalL Znogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 182. — Kamtschatka. 



6. pygmaeus, PaR. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 199. — N.W. coast of America. 



