14. LOTA. 359 



middle rays being shorter than the anterior and posterior ; it termi- 

 nates a little before the dorsal. Caudal truncated. The length of 

 the pectoral is rather more than one-half of that of the head. The 

 outer ventral raj' is prolonged into two filaments, the inner of which 

 is the longest, as long as the head and extending to the vent. 



Blackish-brown, immaculate ; fins black. 



Membranes of the oesophagus and stomach extremely thick, the 

 latter with a short caecal sac ; pylorus surroimded by fifteen slender 

 appendages ; the intestines make only one complete circumvolution. 

 Liver very voluminous, with a long thick lobe on each side, extending 

 downwards to the end of the abdominal cavity. Air-bladder with a 

 very thick outer case, divided iato two portions, an upper terminating 

 in a conical prominence, and a lower of oblong-ovate form. Testicles 

 elongate, kidney- shaped. 



14. LOTA. 



Gadus, sp., Artedi. 

 Lota, sp., Cuv. JRigne Anim. 

 Lota, Kihs. Skand. Faun. iv. p. 579. 

 Body elongate, covered with very small scales. A separate caudal; 

 two dorsal fms and one anal ; ventrals narrow, composed of six rays. 

 YiUiform teeth of equal size in the jaws and on the vomer; none on 

 the palatines. The first dorsal with ten to thirteen weU-developed 

 rays. Chin with a barbel. Branchiostegals seven or eight. 



Freshwater fishes of the temperate regions of the northern hemi- 

 sphere. 



1. Lota vulgaris. 



Bm-bot, Eel-pout. Die Quappe, Aah-aupe, Treische. Lake (Sweden). 

 La Lotte. 



a. Synonymy of the European specimens. 



Mustek, rUn. Hist. Nat. ix. c. 16. 



Lota, Rondvl. ii. p. IQA-.Aldrov. v. cap. 46. p. 648; Gesner, p.599; Jonston, 



iii. tit. 3. cap. 11. p.lG8. tab. 29. fig. 10; Wilhu/hby, p. 125. tab.H. 3. 



fig. 4 ; Eai/, p. 68. 

 Bottatriee, Ti-iseus, Salr. p. 213. 

 Striusias s. Botarissas, Bellon. De Aquat. p. 302. 

 Clarias flu'\"iatilis, Belhti. De Aquat. p. 304. 

 Gadiis, sp., Artedi, Syn. p. 38. no. 13, and Genera, p. 22. no. 10; Gronoi: 



Zoophyl. no. 313. p. 97, and 3fus. i. p. 21. 

 Silurus, sp., Artedi, Spec. p. 107. 

 Kutteii, Mar-^if/l. Danub. iv. p. 71. tab. 24. 

 Gadus lota, i." Syst. Nat. i. p. 440 ; lit. Fi.sclie Dcutschl. ii. p. 177. taf. 70 ; 



Lacep. ii. p. 4.35 ; Pall. Zooyr. iii. p. 201 ; Tart. Brit. Faun. p. 91 ; 



Donor, iv. pi. 92 ; Ilartm. Helvet. Ichthyol. p. 50 ; Ekstr. Fische 



Miirhi, p. 235, or Vet. Ahad. Handl. 1831, p. 43 ; Brandt dy Ratzeb. i. 



p. 52. tab. 7. fig. 2 ; Cuv. Reyne Anim. IlL Poiss. pi. 106. fig. 3. 

 Ascan. Ic. taf. 28. 



Enchelyopus, sp., Klein, Pise. Miss. iv. p. 57. no. 13. tab. 15. fig. 2. 

 Bm-bot^ Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 175, and edit. 1812, iii. p. 265. 

 Enchelyopus lota, Bl. Schn. p. 52 ; Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 101. 

 Lota vulgaris, Cur. Reyne Anim. ; Jiirine, Poiss. Luc Leman, pi. 2 ; 



Jeni/us, Man. p. 448; Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2nd edit. ii. p. 267, and 3rd 



edit. i. p. 572 ; Fries och Ehstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 170. tab. 41 ; Giinth. 



