CAXID.D. 171) 



Common Jackals have roiiiul pupils like the "Wolf and Dog " (March 

 28, 18GS). 



Mr. Bryan Hodgson, in his collection of Drawings of Nepalese 

 Animals, represents the Buansu (Citon), the Jackal or Shidar {!Saca- 

 hus indicKs), the Cabnl Greyhound {Oanls cabulensis), the Tibetan 

 Terrier, Tibetan Mastiff (with four and five claws), Vuljjes fcn-'datus, 

 V. nuUcus, and V. suhldmachalus, as all having round pupils ; but I 

 doubt if in the three last-mentioned this is not a mistake of the 

 artist. 



Dr. Iliippell, in his * Atlas,' figures the Fennec and the North- 

 African Foxes -with round pupils. 



The dentition of the family is generally uniform. The normal 

 number of teeth is 42, viz. cutting-teeth {J, canines \ . \, premo- 

 lars 1 . 3, sectorial teeth \ . J-, tubercular grinders 4 • '^- The incisors, 

 canines, and the last lower molar have a single fang ; the second and 

 third upper premolars and all the premolars and molars below, but 

 the last, have two fangs. The upper sectorial or fourth premolar 

 and the last upper true molar have three fangs, the first upper pre- 

 molar four fangs. (See De BlainviJle, Osteogrcqjhie.) 



Some genera of the family present certain anomalies. Thus 

 Ictici/on has only 38 teeth, there being only one tubercular grinder 

 on each side of each jaw ; Cuon has 40 teeth — that is, has two 

 tubercular grinders on each side of the upper, and only one on each 

 side of the lower jaw. On the other hand, Tlioiis and Megalotis have 

 44 teeth — that is, two tubercular grinders on each side of the upper, 

 and three on each side of the lower jaw. Sometimes some anomalous 

 specimens present an excess over the usual number of teeth : thus 

 M. de Blainville has figui-ed a Mastiff with three tubercular grinders 

 on each side of each jaw, the hinder small, cylindrical. {Ann. Fran^. 

 ff Etrmui. d'Anat. 4t. ii. p. 313, t. 1. f. 2.) 



The sectorial teeth in the upper jaw, in all the tj-pical Canidce, 

 are compressed, three-lobed, with a small internal lobe close to the 

 front edge. In the aberrant 0/oc>ion, on the contrary, the sectorial 

 tooth is nearly triangular, almost as wide as long, very unlike those 

 of the other Dogs. 



Si/nojitdfi of the Geneva. 



Section T. HJPIN.ffi. The skull thick, solid; the postorbital pro- 

 cess thick, convex above and bent down at the tip. 



Subfam. 1. LYCAONINA. Head short, broad ; nose short, broad. Teeth 

 large, close together. Palate very broad, short. Tail short, straight. 



1. Ltcaox. 



Subfam. 2. CAXIXA. Head more or less elongate : na^c tapering. Teeth 

 moderate. Palate elongate. 



A. WoT.AT.s. Tad short, straight, bu.^hg. Skidl elongate. Old World 

 and Ameriea. 



* Head short : teeth .I"* ,• tiibercidnr grinders ] . \. 



2. IcTiCYOX. South America. 



X 2 



