180 CANIDiE. 



** Head xJiort : teeth ^0 ; tuhercular grinders \ .\. 



3. CiTON. Old World— Asia. 



*** Head elongate ; teeth A2 ; tnbercidar grinders ^ . ^. Temporal mvscles 

 separated by a narro2v linear central ridge. 



4. Lupus. Head moderate ; nose broad. Upper sectorial grinder 



in a line -witli the other grinders. Europe and North 

 America. 



5. DiEBA. Head moderate ; nose broad. Upper sectorial grinder 



placed oblique as regards the other grinders. Africa. 



6. SiMENiA. Head very long ; nose slender. Premolars far apart, 



small. Africa. 



7. Chrysocton. Head very long ; nose slender. Premolars ap- 



proximate, large. South America. 



B. Dogs. Tail elongate, bent or curled, Skidl short or elongate. 



8. Canis. Domesticated. 



c. Fox-tailed Wolves. Tail elongated, hairy. Sotd.h America. 

 * Teeth 42 ; tubercidar grinders \ . |. 



9. Ltcalopex. Pupil circular. Upper tuberculars large. 



10. Pseudalopex. Pupil elongate. Upper tuberculars moderate. 



** Teeth a ; tubercular grinders \ .^. 



11. Thous. 



Section II. VULPIN.S3. Skull slight, thin, elongate ; nose taper- 

 ing, long. Postorbital process thin, concave above, and 

 spread out horizontally at the tip. 



Vulpina, Burmeister. 

 Subfam. 3. VULPINA. 



D. Foxes. Tail elongate, bushy, with a gland covered with coloured hair 

 on the upper part, near the base. SJcull ve)-y long. Upper sectorial 

 gritiders compressed, three-lobed, ivith a small tubercle on the front part 

 of the inner side ; tuberctdar grinders f . f . Pupil often elliptical, erect. 



12. VuLPES. Ears moderate ; ear-buUa5 moderate. 



13. Fennecus. Ears very large ; ear-buUae large. 



14. Leucocyon. Skull broad in front of orbits. 



E. Bristle-tailed Foxes. Tail elongate, hairy, ivith a crest of bristles 

 along the upper edge. Teeth like Fo.res\ 



15. UpvOcyon. 



p. Raccoon Dog. Tail short, straight, bushy. Upper sectorial grinders 

 compressed, three-lnbed, 2vith a small anterior infernal lobe ; tubercular 

 grinders | . f . 



10. Nyctereutes. 



