S. CANIS. 195 



Var. 2, Canis famlliaris japonkus, Temm. Fauna Japon. t. 10. 

 f. 5, 6 (skull) ; Gerrard, Cat. of Bones of Mamm, p. 84. 



Var. 3. Canis familiar is chinensis. Gray, P. Z. S. 1868, f. (skull). 



B.M. 



Var. 4. Canis famiUaris Novte Hibeniice, Fischer, Syn. p. 186 

 (called "Poull"). 



Var. 5. Native Dog of New Zealand. Fur rather long, black- and 

 white-varied. B.M. 



2. Canis ceylauicus. 



Chien sauvage indien, Vossmar, Bescript. 1775, t. 



Canis ceylanicus, Sliaw, Zool. i. p. 312 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 509. 



Ceylon Bog, Penn. 



Hah. Ceylon. 



3. Canis tetradactyla. 



Chien sauvag-e de Cayenne, Actes de la Sac. cVH. N. de Paris, i. 



p. 115 ; Meyer, Zool. Am. i. p. 1.34. 

 ? Canis familiaris cavanensis, Blainv. Osteoqr. i. 7* (skull). 

 Canis tetradactyla, Fischer, Syn. p. 292 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 509. 



Hah. Cayenne. 



4. Canis dingo. 



Ears erect. Tail elongate. Tubercular grinders |. — Blainville. 



Canis dingo, Blumenb. Handh. p. 103 ; Gray, List of Mamm. B. M. 



p. 57; P. Z. S. 1868, p. 509; Gerrard, Cat. of Bones of Mamm. 



p. 84. 

 Canis familiaris Austi-alasise, Desm. Mamm. p. 190 ; Blainv. Osteogr. 



t. 8 (skuU). 

 Dingo or Austi-alasian Dog, Shaw, Gen. Zool. i. p. 277, f. 76. 



Hah. Australia. 



Var. sumatrensis. Skull short ; face short, broad. Tubercular 

 grinders |, well developed.- — Gray, I. e. p. 509. 



Canis familiaris sumatrensis, Hardw. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 235, t. 23. 

 Canis sumatrensis, Fischer, Syti. Mamm. p. 186. 



Hah. Sumatra. 



The Domestic Dog has been bred into various weU-marked varie- 

 ties, some of which have existed from the earliest historical period, 

 and are to be found everywhere the companions of man. New 

 varieties are very rarely if ever produced ; and some of the old or 

 well-known varieties have a great tendency to die out, at least for 

 a time. Indeed all varieties are only to be retained by careful 

 breeding and weeding — that is, by the destruction, or at least ex- 

 clusion from breeding, of the examples that do not come up to the 

 standard. If this is not done, they soon deteriorate into the common 

 Cur or the Pariah Dog of India. 



Most varieties occur of very different sizes — from very large to 

 large, middle-sized, small, or very small. 



The varieties always present the same general external appearance, 

 and often have a peculiar colour. For example, the Poodles always 



o2 



