2. uRSus. 221 



lOi inches, of the nose 3| inches ; the hinder nostrils wide in front 

 (1-jL. inch) and behind (lyV inch) ; the length of the suture of the 

 lower jaw 3| inches. 



Skull of adult, of largo size. — The nose very broad, swollen, evenly- 

 rounded above. The palate rather concave, deeply concave and 

 rather contracted behind, in front of the large hinder opening of the 

 nostrils, which contracts on the sides behind, and with a thin regu- 

 larly rounded front edge. The front of the chin of the lower jaw 

 rather short, keeled on the suture. Length of the skull, on the inner 

 side, from front teeth to the end of the condyles, 13| inches ; width 

 of the skull at the hinder edge of the zygoma, in a line with the 

 condyles of the lower jaw, 10 inches ; width of the nose at the aper- 

 ture of the vessel in front of the zygoma 3| inches ; width of the 

 front part of the hinder opening of the nostrils 1| inch, of hinder 

 part 1 inch. Length of suture of lower jaw 3 inches. 



SkuU of a nearly adult, collected by Mr. Lloyd in Sweden. — The 

 palate is rather concave in the middle in front, and is raised on a line 

 with the false grinders ; it is flat behind, with a thin edge to the 

 broad internal nostril, which has a transverse front edge ; the aper- 

 ture is large, rather wider behind than in front. Lower suture of 

 lower jaw long and regularly curved. Length of skull, from 

 cutting-teeth to end of condyle, 13 inches ; width of skull at back 

 of zygoma 9 inches ; width of nose 4 inches, of hinder nostrils 

 1| inch ; width of nose-aperture 2^ inches, rather wider than high. 

 Length of suture of lower jaw 3 inches; length of grinder 1^ inch, 

 of all three. 



Cuvier, from the examination of two skulls in the Paris Museum, 

 regards the Black Bear of Europe as a distinct species (see Oss. 

 Foss. iv.). Kcyserling and Blasius, in ' Die "Wirbclthierc Europa.s,' 

 1840, separate it from the U. arctos, because it has the " last upper 

 grinder shorter than the flesh-tooth," probably misled by Cuvier's 

 figure (Oss. Foss. iv. t. 21. f. G) ; but if they had looked at the 

 other figures, they would have seen that the last grinder is repre- 

 sented long, like that of the other European Bears. Blasius, in his 

 * Naturg. der Saugethiere Deutschlands,' 1857, does not give the U. 

 niger as a distinct species ; and Nilsson (Scand. Daggdjur, 1847, 

 p. 208) evidently considers it only a variety of U. arctos. 



Ursus falciger of lleichenbach, which is said to have rather fal- 

 cated claws, is probably from a specimen which had been long kept 

 in confinement without exercise, when the claws lengthen and curve. 



Var. 2. c/ranJis. B.M. 



The upper tubercular grinder elongate, more than half as long 

 again as the flesh-tooth ; lower edge of lower jaw straight. Fur 

 dark red-brown, of uniform length, smooth. 



PGrajssdjur, Worm. Mits. p. 328. 



r'rsus arctos, Fraser, Cat. Zanl. Gard. (male). 



Ursus arctos grandis, fVray, P. 7,. S. 1804, p. 684. 



Hab. Xorth of Europe. A male, purchased at Hull, living in the 

 Zoological Gardens from 1852 to 1863. 



