232 



largest and most dangerous, living principally on vegetables ; 2. the 

 Black Bear or Ildyiesdjur, the most carnivorous, attacking horses ; 

 3. the Ant-Bear or Miji-ehjorn, the smallest, but still dangerous (see 

 Cuvicr, Oss. Foss. iv. p. 313). 



Pallas, in ' Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica,' observes, *' Rossi distinc- 

 tioncm faciunt Ursorum inter formicarios (MuraveniJci) et cada- 

 venvoros {SterveniJd), sed nullo solido argumento : variunt solum- 

 modo colore vol nigriore, vel e fusco magis rufescente ; et magis 

 minusve iracundi et crudeles fiunt anni tempore, setate et alimenti 

 copia vel inopia." 



Dr. Edward Eversmann, in the ' Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. 

 de Moscou' for 1840, p. 8, says that in the east of Moscow there 

 are two kinds of Bear, one the Aasbciren {Stervenihi), or Carrion- 

 Bears, and the other the Ameisenhciren (Murcweniki), or Ant-Bears ; 

 and he gives the characters which distinguish them, and figures the 

 skulls of the two species. He states, " In the Ant-eating Bear the 

 skull is more elegantly formed. The anterior level of the frontal 

 bone forms a plane with the nasal bone ; the forehead also does not 

 stand forwards, and forms no depression, but is flat. The molar 

 teeth arc narrower and longer ; the zygomatic arch is thinner and 

 more slender ; altogether the entire skuU is proportionally longer, 

 not so high, and not so robust as in the carrion-cater ( Ursus arctos)." 



1. U. cadaver inus (= U. arctos, Linn.). Fronte supra oculos con- 

 vexa, rostro abrupte attenuate brevi ; veUere fusco, regione humero- 

 rum coUoque pallidioribus ; pedibus nigris (t. 1. f. 1, skuU). Called 

 " Sterveniki." 



2. U. formicariiis (=^ U. hngirostris). Fronte plana, modico in 

 rostrum attenuata ; vcllere flavicanti-fusco, pilis apice flavidis cete- 

 rum fuscis ; pedibus nigris (t. 1. f. 2, skull). Called " 3IuraveniH." 



1. Myrmarctos Eversmanni. B.M. 



Myrebiom, Worm, Jllnj. p. .308. 



Muraveniki, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. 



Ursus formiearius (U. longirostris), Eversmann, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. 



Mosc. 1840, p. 8, t. 1. f. 2 (skull) ; Bonap. 3Iamm. Eur. p. 11. 

 Ursus arctos, var. beringiana (partly), Middendorff, Sib. Reise, i. 



p. 53, 1. 1. f. 5, 6 (skull). 

 Myrmarctos Eversmanni, Gi-ay, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 69-5. 



? Young or var., white-collared. 



Ursus norvegicus, F.Cuv. Mamm. Lithogr.yn. t. ; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 



p. 142. 

 ? Ours brun de Norvege, De Blainv. Osteogr. t. 7 (skull of young). 

 Hah. Norway (skeleton, B.M.). 



