TJMBEACULUir. 23 



of the tenth edition of Linnaeus' " Systema Naturae." Acardo,^ 

 commonly quoted as being synonymous with Umhraculum, is said 

 by its author to be a bivalve ; from the figure given it might be 

 the epiphysis of a whale's vertebra. 



M. Cossmann^ states that Vmbrella has priority over Umhraculum, 

 as it was proposed by Chemnitz in 1788, whereas the latter dates 

 from 1817. On referring to the joint work of Martini and Chemnitz 

 that observation is hardly borne out. Martini^ alludes to "Umbella," 

 but in his description^ he is clearly not binomial, and did not 

 intend to name a genus Umhella ; he rather calls it Lepas, as 

 " Lepas vertice et limbo,'" etc. And a few pages farther on' the 

 same kind of thing is described as ^^ Lepas Indiea vertice,''^ etc. 

 Subsequently Chemnitz^ refers to " Umhella Chinensis, testa In- 

 tegra," etc. ; though in the explanation of the plates the term is 

 abbreviated to " Umhella Chinensis." As these authors were not 

 binomial, their work must be ignored; and Umhraculum should 

 be adopted. 



Type. — Umhella chinensis, Schumacher {ex Martini). 



Umbraculum australe, sp. nov. 



[Plate I. Figs, la-c.'] 



? Umbrella austrina, Tate, MS. (list name). 



Shell broad, moderately elevated ; small but prominent protoconch, 

 which is slightly oblique ; lines of growth well marked on both the 

 outer and inner surfaces ; two inconspicuous sulcations diverge 

 from the protoconch anteriorly at an angle of about 35° ; inner 

 surface of the shell smooth and shining, radially striated, orbicular 

 muscle marks large and rather depressed, causing corrugations ; 

 margin thin and rough. 



* Commer9on MS., Bniguiere, Ency. Meth. (Vers) t. i. 17S9, p. 1 ; cf. also 

 Lamarck, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1798, p. 81 ; id. Syst. Anim. sans 

 Vert. 1801, p. 130. 



2 Ess. Paleoconeh. Comp. 1895, p. 131. 



5 Conch. Cab. Bd. i. 1769, p. 90, pi. vii. fig. 49 ; also pi. vi. fig. 41. 



* Op. cit. p. 103. 

 « Op. cit. p. 106. 



6 Op. cit. Bd. s. 1788, p. 341, pi. clxix. figs. 1645-6. 



