C. CARASSIUS. -29 



the dorsal fin. Cyprinus carpio has always at least five fully deve- 

 loped longitudinal series on this part of the hody, whilst C. fossicola 

 has four only. 



0. CAEASSIUS. 



Carassius, Kilsson, Prodr. 



This genus differs from Cyprinus in being without barbels ; its 

 pharyngeal teeth are compressed in a single series, 4-4. 



Temperate Asia and Europe. Domesticated and degenerated into 

 numerous varieties. 



1. Carassius vulgaris. 



Crucian Carp. Die Karausche. Riida (Sweden). 



Karass, Gesncr, I)e Aquat. p. .318, and Paralipom. p. 16. 



Carassius, Will. Hist. Pise. p. 249. 



Marsil. Danuh. Pan.-Mi/s. iv. tab. 14. 



Cyprinus, sp., Artidi, Genera, p. 4. no. 7; Synon. p. 5. no. 5; and 



Species, p. 29. no. 15; Klein, Pise. Miss. \. p. .59. no. 4, tab. 11. 



fig. 1 ; Granov. Zoaphyl. no. 343. 

 Cyprinus carassius, L. Syst. Nat. p. 526 ; Leske, lehthyologice Lip- 



sieiisis Speeimen, 1774, p. 78 ; Bl. Fische Deutsehl. i. p. 96, taf. 11 ; 



Bl. Schn. p. 438; Lacep. v. p. 549; 3Ieidinyer. Fisehe, tab. 27; 



Pall. Zoogr. Ross.- As. iii. p. 297; Turton, Brit. Fain), p. 108; 



Fries och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 140, tab. 31 ; Fkstr. Fiselie 3Idrkd, 



p. 58 ; Cuv. (§- Val. xvi. p. 82, pi. 459 (not good) ; Jenyus, Mamial, 



p. 402 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. 2ud edit. i. p. 355, and 3rd edit. ii. 



p. 364 ; Nihs. Skand. Faun. iv. p. 290 ; Selys-Loiiychamps, Faune 



Belye, p. 200 ; Kroyer, Damn. Fisk. iii. p. 293 ; Giinther, Fische 



Neekar's, p. 38; Gronor. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 179. 

 Crucian, Peun. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 319, pi. 72; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. i. 



edit. i. p. 311 ; Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. iv. p. 28, pi. 184. 

 Carassius vidgaris, (Nilsson) Nordmann, in Demid. Voy. Buss. Merid. 



iii. p. 479 ; Meckel ^ Kner, Siiss^Dasser fische, p. 67 ; Dybowski, 



Cypr. Lirl. p. 41, tab. 2; Jeif teles, Terhandl. zool. -hot. Geselhch. 



IVien, 1862, p. 295; Siehold, SiissirasscrjTsche, p. 98; Jcickel, Ab- 



handl. zool. -miner. Ver. Reyensh. 1864, p. 22 ; Canestrini, Arch. 



Zool. Anat. etc. 1866, p. 66. 

 Cyprinopsis carassius, Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 336. 



Variety (Prussian Carp), 



Cypriuus, sp., Klein, Pise. Miss. v. tab. 11. fig. 2. 



Cyprinus gibelio. Block, Fische Deidschl. i. p. 71, taf. 12 ; Bl. Schn. 

 p. 438 ; Lacep. v. p. 64 ; Fkstriim, Fische v. 3Idrko, p. 64 ; Fleming, 

 Brit. An. p. 185 ; Jentjns, Man. p. 402 ; Cur. i^- Val. xvi. p. 90 ; 

 Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2ud edit. i. p. 358 : 3rd edit. ii. p. 368 ; Xord- 

 tminn, I. c. ; Koch, Faun. Ratishon. p. 32 ; Selys-Lonychamps, Faun. 

 Belye, p. 199 ; Heckel i^- Kner, Si(sswasse7-fische, p. 70 ; Kessler, 

 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, xxxii. pt. 1. p. 526; Couch, Fish. Brit. 

 Isl. iv. p. 31, tab. 185. 



amarus, Koch, Faun. Ratisbon. p. 39. 



carassius, var., Fksfrdm, Oken's liis 1840, p. 145. 



Caras.sius bumilis, Heckel, JJ'ien. Ann. ii. p. 156, taf. 9. fig. 4 m. 



Cyprimi-! moles, Ayass. Mem. Soc. Sc. Xat. Neuchatel, i. 1835, p. 37 ; 

 Ciir. <S- Val. xvi. p. 89 ; Selys-Lonychamps, I. c. p. 200 ; Heckel 8f 

 Kner, I. c. p. 71. 



