11. LADKO. 47 



portion rectangularly bent inwardf? towards the symphysis. Number 

 of vertebroB in L. nUoticus 26 abdominal and 15 caudal ; in L. fors- 

 Icalii 23 abdominal and 16 caudal. The inward-directed ridges of 

 the humeral arch are much dilated, rendering the pharyngeal pas- 

 sage very narrow. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



A. L. lat. less than 50. 



1. African species. 



a. More than thirteen dorsal rays, p. 47, 



b. Tliirteen dorsal rays, p. 50. 



2. Indian species. 



a. More than thirteen dorsal rays, p. 51. 

 h. Thirteen dorsal rays, p. 67. 



B. L. lat. more than 50, p. 59. 



A. L. lat. less than 50. 



1. African species. 



a. Mo)-e than thirteen dorsal rays. 



1. Labeo niloticus. 



? Cj'priuiis rufescens, Hasselq. Heise nach Palcest. 1762, p. 435. 

 Cyprinus niloticus, Forsk. Descr. Anim. p. 71. no. 104 ; Geojfr. Descr. 



Eg. Poiss. pi. 9. fig. 2 (not good). 

 Labeo niloticus, Cur. Bl'f/ne Anim. 



Chrondrostoma dembensis, Ctiv. ^- Val. xvii. p. 398 (not JRiipp.). 

 Lalieo Tulgaris, Heckel, in Russeffffcr's Reisen, ii. 3. p. 303, taf. 20. 



fig.3. 



D. 16-19. A. S. L. lat. -40-43. L. transv. g. ^ert. 26/15. 



Mouth rather broad. Lips thin, fringed, with an inner fold in 

 their entire circumference, more distinct on the upper lip than on . 

 the lower. Snout obtuse, moderately projecting, with a very indis- 

 tinct lobe on each side ; maxillary barbie minute, hidden in a lateral 

 groove. Eye of moderate size, not much smaller thau a scale, situated 

 before or, in old examples, in the middle of the length of the head. 

 There are four or five longitudinal series of scales between the lateral 

 line and the ventral fin. Upper margin of the dorsal fin concave, 

 the third and fourth rays being the longest. Body, and especially 

 the tail, compressed, oblong, its depth being contained thrice and 

 two-thirds or four times in the total length (■ndthout caudal). Colo- 

 ration imiform. 



Nile. 



a, h, c, d, e, f ;/. Many adult, half-grown, and young specimens. 



Lower Nile. 

 /(. Fine specimen, 21 inches long. Chartoum. From Mr. Pethe- 



rick's Collection. 



