48 CTPKINIDJR. 



i-l. Young. Chartoum. From Mr. Petherick's Collection. 



m. Half-grown. Gondokoro. From Mr. Petherick's Collection. 



n. Adult : stuffed. 



0, i>. Skeletons. Lower Nile. 



I have but little doubt that the description given by Hasselquist 

 of his Cyprinus rufescens was taken from a young example of 

 this species, and, consequently, that it should bear the name of 

 Labeo rufescens. However, the description is very incomplete and 

 not free from errors. No locality is named ; but as most of the 

 other freshwater fishes are Nilotic species, it is almost certain that 

 C. rufescens also belongs to that fauna, and not to that of Palestine, 

 as groundlessly stated by Heckel and copied by Blocker. 



On comparing the sl-eleton (see p. 46) of L. niloticus with that of 

 L, forshalii the following peculiarities are apparent: — 



1. The jawbones are remarkably small and short, especially the 

 intermaxillary. 



2. The prseoperculum is of the usual shape. 



3. The three ridges of the occipital crest are close together, the 

 lateral being very low. The interneural and neural elements of the 

 four anterior vertebrae nearly entirely confluent. 



4. The interneural spines of the dorsal fin correspond to the 

 neurals of the ninth to twenty-second vertebrae. 



2. Labeo coubie. 



Labeo coubie, Riijqyell, Fortsetz. d. jBeschreih. neiier Nil-Fische, p. 11, 



tab. 3. fig. 1 (cop. by Cuv. He Val. xvi. p. 344). 

 niloticus, Cuv. ^ Val. xvi. p. 338, pi. 485 (not good) (not sjTion.) ; 



Heckel, in liti^sefff/er, Reisen, ii. 3. p. 299, tab. 20. fig. 1. 



congoro, Peters, Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1852, p. 683. 



? Labeo altivelis, Peters, I. c. 



D. 14-16. A. 8. L. lat. 35-37. L. transv. 6i/6. 



Mouth of moderate width. Lips moderately thick, with a distinct 

 inner fold in their entire circumference ; lower lip sometimes indis- 

 tinctly fringed. Snout rather produced, obtuse in front, moderately 

 projecting beyond the lower jaw, with a distinct lobe on each side ; 

 maxillary barbel very small, hidden in a deep lateral groove. Eye 

 rather small, as large as a scale in middle-sized specimens, though 

 comparatively smaller in large ones ; it is situated behind the middle 

 of the length of the head in adult examples, and in the middle in 

 younger ones. There are four or five longitudinal series of scales 

 between the lateral line and the ventral fin. Upper margin of the 

 dorsal fin convex, the middle rays being the longest, and certain 

 (male?) specimens having this fin considerably elevated. Body, and 

 especially the tail, compressed and elevated, the greatest depth of 

 the body being contained thrice and one-third or thrice and one- 

 fourth in the total (without caudal). Coloration uniform. Snout of 

 certain specimens with small concave tubercles. 



Nile ; East Africa. 



a. Sixteen inches long : stuflPed. Nile. 



